Teeth - Pathology - Revision history

Bara: Redirected page to Category:Teeth - Pathology

2010-05-26T10:53:32Z

Redirected page to Category:Teeth - Pathology

Show changes

Bara at 12:53, 10 May 2010

2010-05-10T12:53:55Z

Jtulloch at 13:53, 26 September 2008

2008-09-26T13:53:14Z

A.allison at 15:36, 22 September 2008

2008-09-22T15:36:43Z

A.allison at 15:35, 22 September 2008

2008-09-22T15:35:53Z

A.allison at 15:34, 22 September 2008

2008-09-22T15:34:11Z

A.allison: /* Dental caries */

2008-09-22T15:32:57Z

Dental caries

A.allison at 15:29, 22 September 2008

2008-09-22T15:29:10Z

A.allison at 15:24, 22 September 2008

2008-09-22T15:24:18Z

A.allison at 19:19, 20 September 2008

2008-09-20T19:19:42Z

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 ====Clinical====
-*Seen mainly in cattle and exotics caused by [[Actinomycetes|''Actinomyces bovis'']] producing [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] of mandible.
+*Seen mainly in cattle and exotics caused by ''[[Actinomyces bovis]]'' producing [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]] of mandible.
 *Mostly young animals.
 *Will not heal without treatment and jaw enlarges until animal cannot eat.

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 **ORLs – only occur when odontoclasts resorb the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]]/bone
 ***continues with remodeling of [[Alveolar bone - Anatomy & Physiology|alveolar bone]] until ankylosis
-*** fixation of [[Periodontal ligament|periodontal ligament]] and [[Lamina dura - Anatomy & Physiology|lamina dura]] so that the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] is permanently fixed to the bone.
+*** fixation of [[Periodontal ligament - Anatomy & Physiology|periodontal ligament]] and [[Lamina dura - Anatomy & Physiology|lamina dura]] so that the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] is permanently fixed to the bone.
 *Odontoclasts normally only active in young animals to resorb the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#Temporary Tooth|deciduous teeth]] to make way for the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#Permanent Tooth|permanent teeth]] – so represents abnormal activation in adults.
 *Can have inflammatory infiltrates into the resportive lesions

@@ Line 152: / Line 152: @@
 *aka: Fibromatous epulis of periodontal ligament origin
 *17% of cases.
-*Proliferation of fibrous tissue with variety of osteoid, [[Cementum|cementum]] or [[Dentine|dentine]]-like material.
+*Proliferation of fibrous tissue with variety of osteoid, [[Cementum - Anatomy & Physiology|cementum]] or [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]]-like material.
 *Isolated strands or islands of odontogenic epithelium always present (ie: suggesting induction of connective tissue by the epithelial cells).
 *The stroma contains neoplastic fibroblasts, with varying cellularity.

@@ Line 127: / Line 127: @@
 **Initially start at the neck/cervical region and extend into [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] and also enter the [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] via the apical foramen (stage 3 lesions)
 **20%+ of cats have them
-**Different from caries – demineralization by bacteria fermenting CHO on the [[Enamel|enamel]].
+**Different from caries – demineralization by bacteria fermenting CHO on the [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]].
 **ORLs – only occur when odontoclasts resorb the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]]/bone
 ***continues with remodeling of [[Alveolar bone - Anatomy & Physiology|alveolar bone]] until ankylosis

@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
 ==Infection of teeth==
 ===Dental caries===
-*Only really seen in primates, but may be seen in horse caused by bacterial decalcification of [[Enamel|enamel]].
+*Only really seen in primates, but may be seen in horse caused by bacterial decalcification of [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]].
 *Acid producing organisms enter dentine and underun enamel.
 *Infection may spread to [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]] cavity.
 [[Image:toothinfection.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Stages of tooth infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
 ===Infundibular Impaction===
 *Seen in the ruminant and horse.

@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 *Calculus gives brittle dirty brown covering to [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
 *This may not affect [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] at all but may produce mild [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology|gingivitis]] round edge and the gum may start to recede.
-*This exposes more of [[Crown| - Anatomy & Physiologycrown]], may reach level of [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]] and infection may enter the alveolus and loosen ligaments holding [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] in and ultimately the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] will become loose and fall out.
+*This exposes more of [[Crown - Anatomy & Physiology|crown]], may reach level of [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]] and infection may enter the alveolus and loosen ligaments holding [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] in and ultimately the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] will become loose and fall out.
 *Pyorrhoea is unusual in sheep but, nonetheless, periodontal disease with “broken mouth” is a major cause of culling of ageing ewes.
@@ Line 135: / Line 135: @@
 ==Eosinophilic Inflammation==
 ==Necrotizing Inflammation==
 ==Lymphocytic and plasmacytic Inflammation==
 ==Proliferative Pathology==

@@ Line 64: / Line 64: @@
 *Only really seen in primates, but may be seen in horse caused by bacterial decalcification of [[Enamel|enamel]].
 *Acid producing organisms enter dentine and underun enamel.
-*Infection may spread to [[Pulp|pulp]] cavity.
+*Infection may spread to [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]] cavity.
 [[Image:toothinfection.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>Stages of tooth infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))</center></small>]]
 ===Infundibular Impaction===
 *Seen in the ruminant and horse.
-*Food material impacted in infundibulum undergoes bacterial fermentation and results in enzymic damage to [[Enamel|enamel]] and [[Dentine|dentine]].
+*Food material impacted in infundibulum undergoes bacterial fermentation and results in enzymic damage to [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] and [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]].
 ===Direct infection of pulp cavity===
-*For example, a dog whose canine has been snapped off while biting stones etc. exposes [[Pulp|pulp]].
+*For example, a dog whose canine has been snapped off while biting stones etc. exposes [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]].
-*Also possible that infection in [[Pulp|pulp]] cavity originates from a circulating pyaemia producing pulpitis.
+*Also possible that infection in [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]] cavity originates from a circulating pyaemia producing pulpitis.
 ===Gingival crevice inflammation===
 *Mostly in carnivores (also cats), may occur in horses.
 *[[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|Gingival]] inflammation starts because of dental calculus (tartar) from diets high in minerals and diets consisting of soft rather than hard crunchy food.
-*Dental plaque becomes calcified and whole [[Crown|crown]] may become covered in brown chalky material.
+*Dental plaque becomes calcified and whole [[Crown - Anatomy & Physiology|crown]] may become covered in brown chalky material.
 *Calculus gives brittle dirty brown covering to [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
-*This may not affect [[Enamel|enamel]] at all but may produce mild [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology|gingivitis]] round edge and the gum may start to recede.
+*This may not affect [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] at all but may produce mild [[Cavity & Gingiva - Pathology|gingivitis]] round edge and the gum may start to recede.
-*This exposes more of [[Crown|crown]], may reach level of [[Dentine|dentine]] and infection may enter the alveolus and loosen ligaments holding [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] in and ultimately the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] will become loose and fall out.
+*This exposes more of [[Crown| - Anatomy & Physiologycrown]], may reach level of [[Dentine - Anatomy & Physiology|dentine]] and infection may enter the alveolus and loosen ligaments holding [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] in and ultimately the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] will become loose and fall out.
 *Pyorrhoea is unusual in sheep but, nonetheless, periodontal disease with “broken mouth” is a major cause of culling of ageing ewes.
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 ===Alveolar Periostitis===
 *A more virulent infection into the alveolus produces alveolar periostitis.
-*Infection spreads from [[Pulp|pulp]] or from gingivitis to produce the periostitis.
+*Infection spreads from [[Pulp - Anatomy & Physiology|pulp]] or from gingivitis to produce the periostitis.
 *This may then break out of the alveolus into the bone causing [[Bones Inflammatory - Pathology#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]].
 **Seen in infection of carnassial teeth in dogs as chronic sinus discharging below eye. So called 'malar' abscess.
@@ Line 124: / Line 124: @@
 *Cats
 **Odontoclasts attack external and internal to the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
-**Initially start at the neck/cervical region and extend into [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] [[Root|root]] and also enter the [[Root|root]] via the apical foramen (stage 3 lesions)
+**Initially start at the neck/cervical region and extend into [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] and also enter the [[Root - Anatomy & Physiology|root]] via the apical foramen (stage 3 lesions)
 **20%+ of cats have them
 **Different from caries – demineralization by bacteria fermenting CHO on the [[Enamel|enamel]].
 **ORLs – only occur when odontoclasts resorb the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]]/bone
-***continues with remodeling of [[Alveolar bone|alveolar bone]] until ankylosis
+***continues with remodeling of [[Alveolar bone - Anatomy & Physiology|alveolar bone]] until ankylosis
-*** fixation of [[Periodontal ligament|periodontal ligament]] and [[Lamina dura|lamina dura]] so that the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] is permanently fixed to the bone.
+*** fixation of [[Periodontal ligament|periodontal ligament]] and [[Lamina dura - Anatomy & Physiology|lamina dura]] so that the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]] is permanently fixed to the bone.
 *Odontoclasts normally only active in young animals to resorb the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#Temporary Tooth|deciduous teeth]] to make way for the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#Permanent Tooth|permanent teeth]] – so represents abnormal activation in adults.
 *Can have inflammatory infiltrates into the resportive lesions
@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 ===Odontodystrophy===
-*Damage to [[Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel|enamel]]) in utero upsets permanent incisor formation.
+*Damage to [[Ameloblasts - Anatomy & Physiology|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]]) in utero upsets permanent incisor formation.
-*[[Enamel]] is marked by pits, lines etc.
+*[[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|Enamel]] is marked by pits, lines etc.
 ====In ruminants:====
-*Damage to [[Enamel|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning.
+*Damage to [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning.
 *Seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
 *Chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
@@ Line 185: / Line 185: @@
 ====In canines:====
 [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal Hypoplasia Following a CDV infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
-Very severe systemic disease early in life / or in utero may result in severe discoloration or pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] due to effect on [[Enamel|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper in dog]])
+Very severe systemic disease early in life / or in utero may result in severe discoloration or pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] due to effect on [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Paramyxoviridae#Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)|distemper in dog]])
 ==Metabolic Pathology==