Tetralogy of Fallot - Revision history

Bara at 17:26, 17 October 2013

2013-10-17T17:26:30Z

Bara at 20:00, 19 July 2012

2012-07-19T20:00:08Z

Ctrace at 11:05, 7 April 2011

2011-04-07T11:05:19Z

Ctrace: /* Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards */

2011-04-07T11:00:15Z

Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards

Bara at 21:16, 13 March 2011

2011-03-13T21:16:55Z

Bara at 21:10, 13 March 2011

2011-03-13T21:10:15Z

Kthompson at 19:09, 12 March 2011

2011-03-12T19:09:34Z

Bara at 16:01, 15 February 2011

2011-02-15T16:01:38Z

Bara at 19:26, 17 January 2011

2011-01-17T19:26:42Z

Bara: /* Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards */

2011-01-17T13:36:50Z

Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:26, 17 October 2013
Line 62:		Line 62:

	[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]		[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiology Section]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{review}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
 == Introduction ==
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition) Mosby Elsevier
 [[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Without treatment, animals will live only a couple of years with poor exercise tolerance. With treatment, animals can live up to seven years.
-== Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards ==[[File:Flashcards logo.png|100px|left]]
+{{Learning
+|flashcards =[[Cardiovascular Developmental Pathology Flashcards]]
-[[Cardiovascular Developmental Pathology Flashcards]]
+|videos = [[Sheep Tetralogy of Fallot video]]
 == References ==

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 Without treatment, animals will live only a couple of years with poor exercise tolerance. With treatment, animals can live up to seven years.
-== Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards ==
+== Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards ==[[File:Flashcards logo.png|100px|left]]
 [[Cardiovascular Developmental Pathology Flashcards]]
 == References ==

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 == Clinical Signs ==
-May vary depending on severity but include lethargy, cyanosis, stunted growth, exercise intolerance, syncope and [[Seizure|seizures]].
+May vary depending on severity but include lethargy, cyanosis, stunted growth, exercise intolerance, syncope and [[Seizures|seizures]].
 == Diagnosis ==
-History and clinical examination findings, plus physical examination findings. These will often include a systolic murmur (over left heart base): due to pulmonic stenosis, a systolic murmur (over right sternal boarder): due to ventricular septal defect and a precordial thrill (palpable over both areas). <br>
+History and clinical examination findings, plus physical examination findings. These will often include a systolic [[Heart Murmurs|murmur]] (over left heart base): due to pulmonic stenosis, a systolic murmur (over right sternal border): due to ventricular septal defect and a precordial thrill (palpable over both areas).
-Radiographs of the thorax qwill show Right Ventricular Hypertrophyand pulmonary underperfusion.
+Radiographs of the thorax will show right ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary underperfusion.
 Echocardiographic findings will include structural abnormalities described and doppler will reveal the presence of a shunt and its abnormal blood flow.
-Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings will indicate righ ventricular enlargement by the presence of deep S-waves.
+Electrocardiographic (ECG) findings will indicate right ventricular enlargement by the presence of deep S-waves.
-<br>
+== Treatment ==
 Surgical treatment options include open heart surgery for complete correction (rarely done in animals).
-Palliative Surgery includes anastamosis of either the ascending aorta or subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery improves pulmonary blood flow.
+Palliative surgery includes anastamosis of either the ascending aorta or subclavian artery to the pulmonary artery improves pulmonary blood flow.
-Medical options include exercise restriction,phlebotomy (bleeding): helps to reduce blood viscosity and improve oxygen delivery to the tissues by maintaining PCV below 65% and Beta-blockers: reduce shunting and protect the heart from hypertrophy.
+Medical options include exercise restriction, phlebotomy (bleeding): helps to reduce blood viscosity and improve oxygen delivery to the tissues by maintaining PCV below 65% and beta-blockers: reduce shunting and protect the heart from hypertrophy.
 == Prognosis ==
@@ Line 45: / Line 41: @@
 Guarded, but depends on the severity of defects and the level of polycythemia.
-Without Treatment: Animals will live only a couple of years with poor exercise tolerance, with treatment: Animals can live up to seven years.
+Without treatment, animals will live only a couple of years with poor exercise tolerance. With treatment, animals can live up to seven years.
-<br>
+== Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards ==
 == References ==
-Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition) W.B. Saunders Company<br>Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)W.B. Saunders Company<br>Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition) Mosby Elsevier <br><br>
+Ettinger, S.J. and Feldman, E. C. (2000) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine Diseases of the Dog and Cat Volume 2 (Fifth Edition) W.B. Saunders Company
-<br>
+Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)W.B. Saunders Company
-<br>
+Fossum, T. W. et. al. (2007) Small Animal Surgery (Third Edition) Mosby Elsevier
-<br>
+[[Category:Cardiovascular_System_-_Developmental_Pathology]] [[Category:Expert_Review]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Dog]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cat]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Cardiac_Diseases_-_Pig]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-== Introduction<br> ==
+{{review}}
 The Four Defects Below Are Present in Tetrology of Fallot:
-*Pulmonic Stenosis (Increases right ventricular pressure)
+*[[Pulmonic Stenosis]] (Increases right ventricular pressure)
-*Ventricular Septal Defect (Leads to shunting of blood from right to left)
+*[[Ventricular Septal Defect]] (Leads to shunting of blood from right to left)
 *Overriding Aorta (Obtains blood from both ventricles)
 *Hypertrophy of the Right Ventricle (Direct result of pulmonic stenosis; Contributes to an increase in ventricular pressure) <br>
-The outcome of the combined defects listed above depends on their severity. Usually the animal experiences pulmonary underperfusion and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation. Unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation creates the hypoxic conditions necessary to stimulate the kidney’s release of the hormone erythropoietin. Erythropoietin travels to the bone marrow and stimulates an increase in red blood cell production. The increase in red blood cells can lead to polycythaemia. Overproduction of red blood cells increases the viscosity of blood leading to poor circulation and decreased oxygen delivery. Intravascular thrombi, haemorrhage, and stroke are just a few of the complications resulting from polycythaemia. <br>
+The outcome of the combined defects listed above depends on their severity. Usually the animal experiences pulmonary underperfusion and unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation. Unoxygenated blood in the systemic circulation creates the hypoxic conditions necessary to stimulate the kidney’s release of the hormone [[Kidney Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology#Erythropoietin|erythropoietin]]. Erythropoietin travels to the bone marrow and stimulates an increase in red blood cell production. The increase in red blood cells can lead to polycythaemia. Overproduction of red blood cells increases the viscosity of blood leading to poor circulation and decreased oxygen delivery. Intravascular [[Thrombosis|thrombi]], haemorrhage, and stroke are just a few of the complications resulting from polycythaemia.
-Certain breeds are predisposed to the disease and these include Keeshonds, Miniature Poodles, Miniature Schnauzers, English Bulldogs and Wire-haired Fox Terriers.<br>
+==Signalment==
-<br>
+Certain breeds are predisposed to the disease and these include Keeshonds, Miniature Poodles, Miniature Schnauzers, English Bulldogs and Wire-haired Fox Terriers.
-== Clinical Signs<br> ==
+== Clinical Signs ==
-May vary depending on severity but include lethargy, cyanosis, stunted growth, exercise intolerance, syncope and seizures. <br>
+May vary depending on severity but include lethargy, cyanosis, stunted growth, exercise intolerance, syncope and [[Seizure|seizures]].
 == Diagnosis ==
 History and clinical examination findings, plus physical examination findings. These will often include a systolic murmur (over left heart base): due to pulmonic stenosis, a systolic murmur (over right sternal boarder): due to ventricular septal defect and a precordial thrill (palpable over both areas). <br>

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 15 February 2011
Line 107:		Line 107:
	==Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards==		==Test yourself with the Developmental Pathology Flashcards==

−	[[~~Developmental_Pathology_Flashcards_-_Pathology\|~~Developmental Pathology Flashcards]]	+	[[Cardiovascular Developmental Pathology Flashcards]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:26, 17 January 2011
Line 114:		Line 114:
	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]
	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Pig]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:36, 17 January 2011
Line 113:		Line 113:
	[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]]		[[Category:To_Do_-_Cardiovascular]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cat]]
	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]		[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Horse]]
		+	[[Category:Cardiac Diseases - Cattle]]