Threonine - Nutrition - Revision history

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2016-04-22T10:28:22Z

References

2015-06-01T14:43:14Z

2015-05-18T10:53:58Z

References

2015-05-18T10:53:40Z

Dietary Sources

2015-05-18T10:52:48Z

Why is it Important?

2015-05-18T10:52:16Z

What is Threonine?

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2015-05-14T14:39:43Z

References

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2015-03-12T22:25:38Z

Consequences of Threonine Deficiency

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 ==References==
 <references/>
 [[Category:Amino Acids]]
 [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
 [[Category:To Do - Batch 1]]

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 [[Category:Amino Acids]]
 [[Category:To Do - Nutrition]]
-[[Category:To Do - Nutrition preMars]]
+[[Category:To Do - Batch 1]]

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 ==Dietary Sources==
-Sufficient threonine is found in plant and animal protein sources, such as muscle meat, eggs, dairy protein (e.g., casein), cereal grains, and pulses (i.e., legumes).
+Sufficient threonine is found in plant and animal protein sources, such as muscle meat, eggs, dairy protein (e.g. casein), cereal grains, and pulses (i.e. legumes).
 ==Diagnosing Threonine Deficiency==

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 ==Why is it Important?==
-Threonine is a '''component of structural proteins'''. The hydroxyl group on the side chain of threonine often serves as the site for phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions that control the activities of many proteins and enzymes<ref>National Research Council (NRC). Protein and Amino Acids. In Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cats. 2006 Washington, DC: National Academies Press p. 130-131.</ref>.
+Threonine is a '''component of structural [[Protein Overview - Nutrition|proteins]]'''. The hydroxyl group on the side chain of threonine often serves as the site for phosphorylation and de-phosphorylation reactions that control the activities of many proteins and enzymes<ref>National Research Council (NRC). Protein and Amino Acids. In Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cats. 2006 Washington, DC: National Academies Press p. 130-131.</ref>.
 ==Roles in the body==

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 ==What is Threonine?==
-Threonine is an '''essential amino acid for dogs and cats'''. Threonine is characterised as a '''gluconeogenic''' amino acid and contains a hydroxyl side chain which is chemically reactive. Dietary threonine is absorbed by a neutral amino acid transporter in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] (particularly the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]) and plasma threonine is actively reabsorbed in the [[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy#Proximal Tubule|proximal tubule]] of the kidney.
+Threonine is an [[Amino Acids Overview - Nutrition|'''essential amino acid]] for dogs and cats'''. Threonine is characterised as a '''[[Nutrition Glossary#Glucogenic Amino Acids|gluconeogenic]]''' amino acid and contains a hydroxyl side chain which is chemically reactive. Dietary threonine is absorbed by a neutral amino acid transporter in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] (particularly the [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]) and plasma threonine is actively reabsorbed in the [[Nephron Microscopic Anatomy#Proximal Tubule|proximal tubule]] of the kidney.
 ==Why is it Important?==

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 ==Consequences of Threonine Deficiency==
-Dogs: Puppies fed a threonine-deficient diet experienced decreased food intake and weight loss<ref>Burns RA and Milner JA. Threonine, tryptophan and histidine requirements of immature beagle dogs. J Nutr 1982;112:447-452.</ref>.
+====Dogs:====
-Cats: Feeding of a threonine-deficient diet to kittens caused decreased food intake and weight loss<ref>Rogers QR and Morris JG. Essentiality of amino acids for the growing kitten. J Nutr 1979;109:718-723. </ref>, as well as cerebellar dysfunction resulting in ataxia, tremors, and incoordination that was reversible with threonine supplementation<ref>Titchenal CA, et al. Threonine imbalance, deficiency, and neurological dysfunction in the kitten. J Nutr 1980;110:2444-2459.</ref>.
+Puppies fed a threonine-deficient diet experienced decreased food intake and weight loss<ref>Burns RA and Milner JA. Threonine, tryptophan and histidine requirements of immature beagle dogs. J Nutr 1982;112:447-452.</ref>.
 ==Toxicity==