Urine Analysis - Pathology - Revision history

CalebBurks: /* Glucose */

2015-01-07T15:44:46Z

Glucose

2012-02-08T13:50:05Z

Specific Gravity

2011-09-24T18:12:43Z

Blood

2011-05-24T17:43:45Z

2011-02-15T15:24:31Z

2010-09-17T19:11:52Z

Specific Gravity

2010-09-17T19:10:15Z

Techniques

2010-09-17T19:08:21Z

Techniques

2010-09-17T19:07:00Z

Gross Appearance

2010-09-17T19:03:57Z

Culture and Sensitivity

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 ===Glucose===
-The presence of glucose in the urine is termed glucosuria and occurs when the level of glucose reaches the [[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucose|renal threshold]] for glucose reabsorption.  It is not normal to find glucose in the urine.
+The presence of glucose in the urine is termed glucosuria and occurs when the level of glucose reaches the [[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucose|renal threshold]] for glucose reabsorption.  It is not normal to find glucose in the urine. Glucose is usually not detectable because ketones, ascorbic acid, or other substances found in urine may cause false negative results by reagent strips even when urinary glucose approaches clearly abnormal values.
 ===Ketones===

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 <TR>
 <TD><center>Dog</center></TD>
-<TD><center>1.016-1.060</center></TD>
+<TD><center>1.016-1.040</center></TD>
 </TR>
 <TR>
 <TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>Cat</center></TD>
-<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>1.020-1.040</center></TD>
+<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>1.020-1.060</center></TD>
 </TR>
 <TR>

@@ Line 73: / Line 73: @@
 ===Blood===
-The presence of blood in the urine is not normal and is usually related to a pathological state.
+The presence of [[Haematuria|blood in the urine]] is not normal and is usually related to a pathological state.
 ==Microscopic Examination==

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 ==Introduction==
 Urine Analysis can be a quick and inexpensive method to determine abnormalities in a patient.
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 [[Category:Clinical Pathology]]

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 {{unfinished}}
 ==Introduction==
 Urine Analysis can be a quick and inexpensive method to determine abnormalities in a patient.
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 Culture on blood agar and CLED (with Andrades indicator - for E coli) plates will help with a speedy diagnosis of causal organisms.

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 ==Specific Gravity==
-Urine specific gravity (USG) is measured using a refractometer calibrated for veterinary use. It must additionally be calibrated on each use using water which must match the water line on the refractometer read out prior to measuring USG, as reftractometer measurement is sensative to room temperature. Adjustments are made using the screw on the top of the refratcometer - take care not to get this screw wet when cleaning the reftractometer.
+Urine specific gravity (USG) is measured using a refractometer calibrated for veterinary use. It must additionally be calibrated on each use using water which must match the water line on the refractometer read-out prior to measuring USG, as refractometer measurement is sensitive to room temperature. Adjustments are made using the screw on the top of the refractometer - take care not to get this screw wet when cleaning the refractometer.
 Specific gravity relates to the urine concentration.  It is basically a measure of the density of particles in the urine.

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 ==Techniques==
-Urine samples should be processed by noting their gross appearance, testing with a urinary dipstick, mesuring the specific gravity with a refractometer and by microscopic examination.
+Urine samples should be processed by noting their gross appearance, testing with a urinary dipstick, measuring the specific gravity with a refractometer and by microscopic examination.
-Many of the measured parameters will be adversly affected by time, so prompt assessment of urine samples is essential for accuracy.
+Many of the measured parameters will be adversely affected by time, so prompt assessment of urine samples is essential for accuracy.
 ==Gross Appearance==

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:03, 17 September 2010
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	==Culture and Sensitivity==		==Culture and Sensitivity==
	Free catch samples which are collected from naturally voided urine will inevitable be contaminated by the bacteria of the external genitalia and skin. Where culture is essential for diagnositc and treatment purposes, a sample obtained by cystocentesis or catheterisation will be required. Catheterisation carries the risk of introducing infection iatrogenically.		Free catch samples which are collected from naturally voided urine will inevitable be contaminated by the bacteria of the external genitalia and skin. Where culture is essential for diagnositc and treatment purposes, a sample obtained by cystocentesis or catheterisation will be required. Catheterisation carries the risk of introducing infection iatrogenically.
		+
		+	Culture on blood agar and CLED (with Andrades indicator - for E coli) plates will help with a speedy diagnosis of causal organisms.