Uveitis - Donkey - Revision history

Bara at 11:01, 21 October 2010

2010-10-21T11:01:13Z

Bara at 11:14, 17 May 2010

2010-05-17T11:14:13Z

Bara at 22:52, 14 May 2010

2010-05-14T22:52:05Z

Bara at 21:19, 10 May 2010

2010-05-10T21:19:30Z

Bara: Text replace - '{{review}}' to ''

2010-03-18T12:41:42Z

Text replace - '{{review}}' to ''

Bara at 12:30, 7 March 2010

2010-03-07T12:30:42Z

Bara: Text replace - '|rspace={{Donkey}} |pagetype=Donkey }}' to '|pagetype=Donkey }} {{infotable |Maintitle = This section was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''' |Maintitlebackcolour = B4CDCD }} [[Cat

2010-02-25T10:38:50Z

Text replace - '|rspace={{Donkey}} |pagetype=Donkey }}' to '|pagetype=Donkey }} {{infotable |Maintitle = This section was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''' |Maintitlebackcolour = B4CDCD }} [[Cat

Bara: /* Introduction */

2010-02-18T16:30:37Z

Introduction

Bara at 16:30, 18 February 2010

2010-02-18T16:30:21Z

Bara at 16:28, 18 February 2010

2010-02-18T16:28:36Z

@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 * Topical '''atropine drops''' (1-2%) should be applied hourly until mydriasis occurs and then twice daily until the acute inflammatory response has subsided, possibly for up to two weeks. Monitor for gut function as long-term atropine slows gut movement
 * '''Cyclosporin''' 2% is an ocular immunomodulator, which can produce excellent results but only in about 50% of cases. It can be used to replace corticosteroids if corneal ulceration is present. A ten-day course given at twelve-hourly intervals is recommended
 ==References==

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|leptospirosis]] and [[:Category:Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
+* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|leptospirosis]] and [[:Category:Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
 * '''Conjunctival biopsy''' will diagnose the presence of ''Onchocerca''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
@@ Line 18: / Line 17: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[Spirochaetes#Leptospira|leptospirosis]] and [[:Category:Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
+* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[:Category:Leptospiraceae|leptospirosis]] and [[:Category:Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
 * '''Conjunctival biopsy''' will diagnose the presence of ''Onchocerca''

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Introduction==
@@ Line 19: / Line 18: @@
 ==Diagnosis==
-* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[Spirochaetes#Leptospira|leptospirosis]] and [[Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
+* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[Spirochaetes#Leptospira|leptospirosis]] and [[:Category:Brucella species|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles|strangles]] and [[Equine Viral Arteritis - Donkey|equine viral arteritis]].
 * '''Conjunctival biopsy''' will diagnose the presence of ''Onchocerca''

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:41, 18 March 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	~~{{review}}~~	+

	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:30, 7 March 2010
Line 50:		Line 50:
	}}		}}
	[[Category:Donkey]]		[[Category:Donkey]]
		+	[[Category:Uveal Tract Diseases - Donkey]]

@@ Line 43: / Line 43: @@
 |linkpage =Uveal Tract Diseases - Donkey
 |linktext =Uveal Tract Diseases - Donkey
 |pagetype=Donkey
 }}

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Introduction==
-Immune-mediated uveitis/recurrent uveitis|uveitis is a very important disease. It can be secondary to keratitis, but is common as a primary immune-mediated disorder. The
+Immune-mediated uveitis/recurrent uveitis/uveitis is a very important disease. It can be secondary to keratitis, but is common as a primary immune-mediated disorder. The
 major problem is its tendency to recur, causing progressive loss of vision. This is the most common cause of blindness.

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:28, 18 February 2010
Line 1:		Line 1:
		+	{{review}}
		+
		+	=Immune-mediated uveitis/recurrent uveitis=
		+
		+	==Introduction==
		+
		+	Uveitis is a very important disease. It can be secondary to keratitis, but is common as a primary immune-mediated disorder. The
		+	major problem is its tendency to recur, causing progressive loss of vision. This is the most common cause of blindness.
		+
		+	The causative agent is unknown but several are implicated, such as ''Onchocerca'' and ''leptospira''. Regardless of the cause, the treatment is as for uveitis which gives effective, immediate results.
		+
		+	==Clinical Signs==
		+
		+	* The acute stage is '''intensely painful''', showing excessive '''lacrimation and photophobia'''
		+	* '''Corneal oedema''' is a characteristic finding
		+	* '''Ciliary and conjunctival injection''' with '''peripheral corneal vascularisation''' is also seen
		+	* More serious findings are '''aqueous flare and hypopyon'''
		+	* '''Miosis''' is always present. Following repeated episodes there may be synechiae, which prevent papillary dilatation in response to mydriatics
		+	* '''Chronic uveitis''' results in shrinking of the globe, cataracts and depigmentation of the fundus around the optic nerve
		+
		+	==Diagnosis==
		+
		+	* If diagnosis is attempted, then '''routine blood tests''' should be run along with '''titres for [[Spirochaetes#Leptospira\|leptospirosis]] and [[Brucella species\|brucellosis]], [[Equine Herpesvirus 1\|equine herpes virus]], [[Streptococci#Strangles\|strangles]] and [[Donkey - Equine Viral Arteritis\|equine viral arteritis]].
		+	* '''Conjunctival biopsy''' will diagnose the presence of ''Onchocerca''
		+
		+	==Treatment==
		+
		+	'''Systemic [[Anti-Inflammatory Drugs\|anti-inflammatory]] treatment is needed urgently''' to reduce the pain and inflammation. [[Steroids\|Corticosteroids]] have been recommended and do work, but the risk of complications makes an [[NSAIDs\|NSAID]], such as flunixin meglumine, the drug of choice.
		+	* '''Flunixin meglumine''' is given every 12 hours for at least five days but should be continued until clinical signs resolve
		+	* If [[NSAIDs]] need to be continued for a long period, then a transfer to '''phenylbutazone''' will reduce the risk of side effects
		+	* '''Topical [[NSAIDs]]''' are effective in relieving pain short-term: flurbiprofen 0.03% or suprofen 1% ophthalmic solution
		+	* '''Topical [[Steroids\|corticosteroids]] are safer than systemic but must only be used if corneal integrity is 100%
		+	* Whilst using [[Steroids\|steroids]], '''regular fluorescein staining''' must be used to check for ulceration
		+	* If uncomplicated immune-mediated uveitis is diagnosed with certainty, long term topical corticosteroids are recommended, e.g. four weeks
		+	* Topical '''atropine drops''' (1-2%) should be applied hourly until mydriasis occurs and then twice daily until the acute inflammatory response has subsided, possibly for up to two weeks. Monitor for gut function as long-term atropine slows gut movement
		+	* '''Cyclosporin''' 2% is an ocular immunomodulator, which can produce excellent results but only in about 50% of cases. It can be used to replace corticosteroids if corneal ulceration is present. A ten-day course given at twelve-hourly intervals is recommended
		+
		+	==References==
		+
		+	* Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books
		+
		+
	{{toplink		{{toplink
	\|backcolour = D1EEEE		\|backcolour = D1EEEE