Vesicular Stomatitis Virus - Revision history

Michuang0720 at 10:11, 25 June 2016

2016-06-25T10:11:39Z

Bara at 17:43, 17 August 2012

2012-08-17T17:43:50Z

Bara: Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review" to "Category:CABI Expert ReviewCategory:CABI AHPC Pages"

2012-04-13T15:07:46Z

Text replace - "Category:CABI Expert Review" to "Category:CABI Expert Review Category:CABI AHPC Pages"

Bara: /* References */

2011-08-14T21:35:02Z

References

Bara at 09:13, 28 July 2011

2011-07-28T09:13:48Z

Bara at 13:08, 18 July 2011

2011-07-18T13:08:18Z

Bara: /* References */

2011-07-04T23:10:42Z

References

Bara at 23:09, 4 July 2011

2011-07-04T23:09:55Z

Bara at 23:00, 4 July 2011

2011-07-04T23:00:20Z

Bara at 22:53, 4 July 2011

2011-07-04T22:53:22Z

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 {{Learning
 |flashcards = [[Vesicular Stomatitis Flashcards]]
 }}

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 Also Known As: '''''VS — VSV — Alagoas Virus — Brazil Virus — Cocal Virus — Piry Virus — Chandipura Virus — Isfahan Virus'''''
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 {{review}}
 [[Category:Rhabdoviridae]]
 [[Category:Zoonoses]]

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 [[Category:Oral Diseases - Horse]]
 [[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Horse]]
-[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
 [[Category:Oral Cavity - Vesicular Pathology]]

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 ==References==
 <references/>
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Vesicular Stomatitis datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+{{CABI source
+|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60393&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 vesicular stomatitis virus] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=60390&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 vesicular stomatitis]
-Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Vesicular Stomatitis virus datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
+|date = 6 June 2011

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:13, 28 July 2011
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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==
−	~~[[File:VS Cow.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a cow. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]~~
−	~~[[File:VS Horse.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a horse. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]~~
−	~~[[File:VS Foot.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|right\|Vesicular Stomatitis coronary band lesion. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]~~
	Vesicular Stomatitis is an '''oral disease''' of '''cattle, horses, pigs and people''', caused by a [[Rhabdoviridae \|rhabdovirus]], of which there are two distinct serotypes: VSV-New Jersey (VS-NJ) and VSV-Indiana (VS-IN). Although antibodies have been found in many species of mammal and bird, no clinical signs appear to develop.		Vesicular Stomatitis is an '''oral disease''' of '''cattle, horses, pigs and people''', caused by a [[Rhabdoviridae \|rhabdovirus]], of which there are two distinct serotypes: VSV-New Jersey (VS-NJ) and VSV-Indiana (VS-IN). Although antibodies have been found in many species of mammal and bird, no clinical signs appear to develop.

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:08, 18 July 2011
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	[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Horse]]		[[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Horse]]
	[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]		[[Category:CABI Expert Review]]
		+	[[Category:Oral Cavity - Vesicular Pathology]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:10, 4 July 2011
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		+	{{review}}
	[[Category:Rhabdoviridae]]		[[Category:Rhabdoviridae]]
	[[Category:Zoonoses]]		[[Category:Zoonoses]]

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 [[Category:Oral Diseases - Cattle]]
 [[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Cattle]]
 [[Category:CABI Expert Review]]

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 ==Introduction==
-[[File:VS Cow.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a cow. Copyright CFSPH Iowa State.]]
+[[File:VS Cow.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a cow. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]
-[[File:VS Horse.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a horse]]
+[[File:VS Horse.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a horse. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]
-[[File:VS Foot.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis coronary band lesion]]
+[[File:VS Foot.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis coronary band lesion. Copyright PIADC, CFSPH Iowa State.]]
 Vesicular Stomatitis is an '''oral disease''' of '''cattle, horses, pigs and people''',  caused by a [[Rhabdoviridae |rhabdovirus]], of which there are two distinct serotypes: VSV-New Jersey (VS-NJ) and VSV-Indiana (VS-IN). Although antibodies have been found in many species of mammal and bird, no clinical signs appear to develop.

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-Also Known As – '''''VS'''''
+Also Known As: '''''VS — VSV — Alagoas Virus — Brazil Virus — Cocal Virus — Piry Virus — Chandipura Virus — Isfahan Virus'''''
 ==Introduction==
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 [[File:VS Horse.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis oral lesion in a horse]]
 [[File:VS Foot.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Vesicular Stomatitis coronary band lesion]]
-Vesicular Stomatitis is an '''oral disease''' of '''cattle, horses, pigs and people''',  caused by a [[Rhabdoviridae | rhabdovirus]], of which there are two distinct serotypes: VSV-New Jersey (VS-NJ) and VSV-Indiana (VS-IN). Although antibodies have been found in many species of mammal and bird, no clinical signs appear to develop.
+Vesicular Stomatitis is an '''oral disease''' of '''cattle, horses, pigs and people''',  caused by a [[Rhabdoviridae |rhabdovirus]], of which there are two distinct serotypes: VSV-New Jersey (VS-NJ) and VSV-Indiana (VS-IN). Although antibodies have been found in many species of mammal and bird, no clinical signs appear to develop.
 The main importance of VS is its '''identical presentation to [[Foot and Mouth Disease]]''', in fact they cannot be clinically differentiated.
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 VS is '''zoonotic''' and can cause acute flu-like disease in humans.
-This disease is '''notifiable''' to the World Organisation for Animal Health [http://www.oie.int/ (OIE)]
+This disease is '''notifiable''' to the World Organisation for Animal Health [http://www.oie.int/ (OIE)].
 ==Distribution==
-VS is present exclusively in the Western hemisphere, mainly in the '''Americas''', including parts of the Caribbean and South America.
+VS is present exclusively in the Western hemisphere, mainly in the '''Americas''', including parts of the Caribbean and South America. It is transmitted by a range of insect vectors including the [[Musca spp. |house fly]] and [[Ceratopogonidae |''Culicoides'' midge]]. The virus can also be transmitted via '''direct contact''' with lesions, saliva and fomites.
 ==Signalment==
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 ==Clinical Signs==
 VS is characterised by its appearance – beginning as '''blanched macules''' and developing into  '''vesicular lesions''' on the '''tongue, oral and nasal mucosa, mammary glands, external genitalia and coronary band'''. When the vesicles rupture after 24-48h, '''erosions and excoriations''' remain in the affected mucosa.
 '''Hypersalivation''' often also occurs.
-Coronary band lesions cause '''lameness and defective horn growth'''.
+'''Hypersalivation''' often also occurs. Coronary band lesions cause '''lameness and defective horn growth'''.
 Other clinical manifestations include '''depression, weight loss, low productivity, agalactia and mastitis.''' Animals with genital lesions may be reluctant to breed.
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 Affected animals are often '''pyrexic, anorexic and dysphagic''' due to reduced food intake and interference of lesions with prehension/pain when eating.
-Shedding ceases 6-7 days post-infection <ref> Katz, J. B., Eernisse, K. A., Landgraf, J. G., Schmitt, B. J. (1997) '''Comparative performance of four serodiagnostic procedures for detecting bovine and equine vesicular stomatitis virus antibodies.''' J Vet Diagnostic Investigation, 9(3):329-331; 5</ref> and '''lesions resolve within 14 days.'''
+Shedding ceases 6-7 days post-infection <ref> Katz, J. B., Eernisse, K. A., Landgraf, J. G., Schmitt, B. J. (1997) '''Comparative performance of four serodiagnostic procedures for detecting bovine and equine vesicular stomatitis virus antibodies.''' ''J Vet Diagnostic Investigation'', 9(3):329-331; 5</ref> and '''lesions resolve within 14 days.''' Once '''recovered''', animals do not maintain infection or shed the virus.
 Deaths from VS are rare and usually due to secondary complications.
 ==Diagnosis==
-Definitive diagnosis requires laboratory testing.
+Definitive diagnosis requires laboratory testing. '''Virus isolation''' can be attempted from nasal/oral swabs, epithelial tags, skin scrapings or biopsies. Only active lesions will contain infective virus particles. PCR is potentially more sensitive but not widely used.
-Serlogical tests are routinely used and will also differentiate serotype.
+Serological tests are routinely used and will also differentiate serotypes. '''Competitive [[ELISA testing |ELISA (cELISA)]]''' is used as a screening test and '''Serum Neutralisation (SN) and [[Complement Fixation]] (CF)''' are also commonly used to diagnose VS. Tests that detect IgG such as the cELISA and SN may remain positive for up to 3 years after infection. CF is more indicative of '''recent infection''', especially when rising titres are present.
-CF is more indicative of '''recent infection''', especially when rising titres are present.
+On '''histopathology''', intercellular oedema is present in the Malphigian cell layer and epithelial cell necrosis is evident. The necrotic cells are strongly eosinophilic and nuclei are pyknotic. Basal cells are separated by vesicular fluid. Other non-specific inflammatory changes are usually also present.
 ==Treatment==
-Disease is '''self-limiting''' and usually requires no treatment.
+The disease is '''self-limiting''' and usually requires no treatment. Secondary bacterial infection can delay healing of lesions and usually respond to antibiotics. Symptomatic care may be indicated in severe cases.
 ==Control==
-Several vaccines are being developed or used experimentally but none are commercially available in the USA.
+Several [[vaccines]] are being developed or used experimentally but none are commercially available in the USA.
 Appropriate biosecurity, disinfection protocols, temporary isolation of infected animals/groups and limiting exposure to insect vectors may help to reduce the scale of outbreaks.
 '''Quarantine''' procedures are in place in many countries when VS is confirmed and these should be adhered to and relevant bodies informed.
 {{Learning
 |flashcards = [[Vesicular Stomatitis Flashcards]]
 }}
 ==References==
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 Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Vesicular Stomatitis virus datasheet''', accessed 06/06/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
-[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]