Difference between revisions of "Category:Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction"

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|pagetitle =Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction
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* Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
 
* Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
** Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
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** Acute obstruction usually involves the upper or middle [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
** Chronic obstruction typically occurs in the distal [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] or [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].   
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** Chronic obstruction typically occurs in the distal [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]] or [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]].   
 
* Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
 
* Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
 
** Intraluminal
 
** Intraluminal
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** Intramural
 
** Intramural
 
*** E.g. neoplasia
 
*** E.g. neoplasia
** Extrinsic
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** Extrinsic (Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. )
*** E.g.  adhesions, neoplasia and prostate enlargement.
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*** E.g.  [[Adhesions|adhesions]], [[Neoplasia, Intestinal|neoplasia]] and [[Prostatic Enlargement|prostate enlargement]].
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====Intraluminal Obstruction====
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<categorytree mode=pages>Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction</categorytree>
  
=====[[Foreign Bodies, Intestinal]]=====
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[[Category:Obstruction, Intestinal]]
=====Impaction=====
 
 
 
* Impaction of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] can occur in all species. 
 
** Dog and cat - main cause is dehydrated faecal material.
 
** Horse -  faeces, digesta, sand, or fibrous material can all contribute.
 
*** There are certain predisposing factors:
 
**** Poor dentition
 
**** Water deprivation
 
**** A high roughage diet
 
**** General debility.
 
*Antihelminthic administration or large parasite burdens can also lead to impaction.
 
 
 
====Extrinsic Obstruction====
 
 
 
* Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. 
 
 
 
=====Inflammatory Adhesions=====
 
[[Image:colon_adhesions_horse.jpg|thumb|right|150px|colonic adhesions in the horse (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
 
 
 
* Arise following gut perforation, peritonitis or surgery.
 
* Consist of fibrous tissue bands that may:
 
** Restrict intestinal motility
 
** Cause kinks in the mesentery.
 
 
 
=====Prostatic Enlargement=====
 
 
 
* In the dog
 
* Can lead to compression of the [[Rectum - Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]]
 
 
 
=====Neoplasia=====
 
 
 
* Neoplasi in structures adjacent to the intestines can spread and cause external compression.
 
* Pancreatic tumours in particular can extend and impinge on the [[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]].
 
* Pedicles of tumours such as lipomas in horses can become wound in loops of intestine leading to obstruction and possible strangulation. 
 
[[Image:Pedunc_lipoma_closeup.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Closeup of a pedunculated lipoma (Courtesy of Elspeth Milne)]]
 
* '''Clinical'''
 
** Occasional [[Control of Feeding - Anatomy & Physiology#The Vomit Reflex|vomiting]] and ntermittent [[Intestine Diarrhoea - Pathology|diarrhoea]] over several weeks. 
 
* '''Pathogenesis'''
 
** Seen occasionally in cat (rarer in dog)
 
** Usually towards end of intestines
 
*** E.g. at the ileocaecocolic valve.
 
** Gut proximal to tumour  becomes thickened due to hypertrophy of smooth muscle as a result of trying  to force ingesta past progessively narrowing lumen.
 
** Produces "hose pipe intestine".
 
** Seen with carcinoma, lymphoma, leiomyoma and other tumours.[[Category:Obstruction, Intestinal]]
 

Latest revision as of 18:33, 15 February 2011

Intestine - Mechanical Obstruction

  • Acute of chronic mechanical obstruction of the intestine can occur in all species.
  • Three main categories of causes of obstruciton:
    • Intraluminal
    • Intramural
      • E.g. neoplasia
    • Extrinsic (Obstruction of the intestine due to external factors such as tumours, abscesses, and fibrous adhesions is a common occurrence. )

Subcategories

This category has only the following subcategory.

I