Changes

[[Image:Dyspnoea donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Dyspnoea and 'open mouth' breathing associated with tracheal collapse (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]

 

[[Image:Dyspnoea donkey.jpg|left|thumb|250px|<small><center>Dyspnoea and 'open mouth' breathing associated with tracheal collapse (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]

[[Image:Collapsed trachea donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Collapsed trachea (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]

[[Image:Collapsed trachea donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Collapsed trachea (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]

vibrations may be felt over the ventral cervical trachea. On X-ray, dramatic narrowing of the trachea is evident. The site of the collapse is often at the thoracic inlet and has also been found at the tracheal bifurcation and mid-trachea.

vibrations may be felt over the ventral cervical trachea. On X-ray, dramatic narrowing of the trachea is evident. The site of the collapse is often at the thoracic inlet and has also been found at the tracheal bifurcation and mid-trachea.

Pre-existing lowe respiratory tract disease leads to increased airway pressure changes and exacerbates tracheal collapse. Treatment of severe acute cases is generally not possible, as a tracheostomy may not bypass distal lesions and will increase mucosal swelling and oedema. '''Euthanasia''' is advisable. In mild or chronic cases, airways should be kept as healthy as possible by <u>clean air management with the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories as required</u>. ''''Dexamethasone and frusemide''' may limit mucosal swelling and help reduce co-existing pulmonary oedema.

Pre-existing [[Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - Donkey|lower respiratory tract disease]] leads to increased airway pressure changes and exacerbates tracheal collapse. Treatment of severe acute cases is generally not possible, as a tracheostomy may not bypass distal lesions and will increase mucosal swelling and oedema. [[Euthanasia - Donkey|'''Euthanasia''']] is advisable. In mild or chronic cases, airways should be kept as healthy as possible by <u>clean air management with the use of bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories as required</u>. ''''Dexamethasone and frusemide''' may limit mucosal swelling and help reduce co-existing pulmonary oedema.

 

==References==

==References==

* Thiemann, A. (2008) Respiratory problems In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 7

* Thiemann, A. (2008) Respiratory problems In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 7