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→Morphine
===Morphine===
===Morphine===
Morphine is indicated for severe pain, but is an unlicensed, Schedule 2 controlled drug. It may be administered by the i/m, i/v, s/c and i/t routes, and may also be given as a constant rate infusion.
Morphine is a full OP3 agonist, with a 10-15 min onset and a duration of 2-4 hours. Its side effects are as detailed above.
Glucuronidation in the liver produces an active metabolite of the drug, morphine-6-glucuronide (morphine-3-glucuronide is also formed). Metabolites are then excreted in the urine. Enterohepatic circulation of morphine does occur, but this is not clinically important.
===Buprenorphine===
===Buprenorphine===