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*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak
*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak
*Implicated in [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves[[Category:Campylobacter_species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]
*Implicated in [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves[[Category:Campylobacter_species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]
* An important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species.
* The largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK.
** Is therefore a public health issue.
* Very widely distributed on the farm- carried in the intestinal tract of:
** Cattle
** Sheep
** Dogs
** Chickens
** Wild birds
* Widespread distribution on the farm means that it is hyperendemic.
** All animals are regularly exposed to it by the faecal oral route.
** Passive (colostral) protection is helpful while active immunity develops.
* There is no regular exposure in the hygienic environment of the human or pet dog.
** These animals are much more susceptible to infection.
* The intestinal contents of the broiler chicken may be spread around the abdominal cavity at slaughter.
** Most poultry is moderately or heavily contaminated.
*** If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
*** Bacteria may be ingested by humans handling the raw meat.
====Pathogenesis====
* Bacteria colonise the gut, attach to and invade the mucosa, and produce toxin.
* Causes colitis, characterised by:
** Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
** Erosion of the mucosa
** Crypt abscesses
** Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa.
*** Primarily [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]].
* Functional flagella are important as virulence factors.
** Non-flagellate campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive in vitro.
* Diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.