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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
===Overview===
===Overview===
*Related to ''Campylobacter'' species and ''Arcobacter'' species
*Related to ''Campylobacter'' species and ''Arcobacter'' species
*A [[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#|bacterial pathogen of the intestines]]
*Discovered in the stomach of humans in 1987
*''H. felis'', ''H. bizzozeronii'', ''H. salomonis'' and ''H. bilis'' found in gastric mucosa and intestines of dogs and cats
*Helical, S-shaped or curved Gram negative rods
*Helical, S-shaped or curved Gram negative rods
*Require enriched media; some grow on Skirrow agar
*Require enriched media; some grow on Skirrow agar
*Microaerophilic
*Microaerophilic, non-saccharolytic
*Oxidase positive and catalase positive except for ''H. canis''
*Helicobacters which colonise gastric mucosa are urease positive
===Clinical infections===
*''Helicobacter pylori'' causes gastritis and duodenal and gastric ulcers in humans
*Association with gastric adenocarcinoma in humans
*''H. mustelae'' has been associated with chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers in ferrets
*Significance in gastrointestinal diseases of domestic carnivores not known