Changes

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

===Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis===

===Feline neonatal isoerythrolysis===

Although feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNA) is rare, the mortality associated with it is high. FNI develops when type B blood mothers mate with type A tomcats. Type B cats have naturally occurring anti-A antibodies without prior exposure. FNI affects the A, or AB blood type kitten, born from a B blood type mother by receiving anti-A antibodies when it ingests maternal colostrum.  

Although feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNA) is rare, the mortality associated with it is high. FNI develops when type B blood mothers mate with type A tomcats. Type B cats have naturally occurring anti-A antibodies without prior exposure. FNI affects the A, or AB blood type kitten, born from a B blood type mother by receiving anti-A antibodies when it ingests maternal colostrum.

===Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis===

===Equine neonatal isoerythrolysis===

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical signs==

===Horses===

===Horses===

Affected foals appear clinicall normal at birth.

Affected foals appear clinically normal at birth, and clinical signs develop from several hours up to a week after ingestion of colostrum. Foals with NI usually become progressively weak, lethargic and depressed develop icterus, tachycardia and tachypnoea. Although the signs are not pathognomonic for NI, a foal displaying haemoglobinuria and icterus born to a multiparous mare should be strongly suspected to have the disease. If the foal becomes severely hypoxic, seizures may occur. Death usually occurs if NI is not diagnosed and treated promptly.

===Cats===

===Cats===

In a similar way to affected foals, kittens are born and nurse normally and clinical signs develop within a few hours or days. Clinical signs may include dark red/brown urine, icterus, weakness, anaemia.  

In a similar way to affected foals, kittens are born and nurse normally and clinical signs develop within a few hours or days. Clinical signs may include dark red/brown urine, icterus, weakness, anaemia.  

==Neonatal Isoerytholysis (NI)==

 

==Diagnosis==

In horses, a minor cross-match is performed using the foal's red blood cells and the mare's serum. A positive agglutination indicates a diagnosis of NI.

==Treatment==

* When the foal's intestines are no longer able to absorb maternal antibody (approximately 30 hours post partum) it is safe to return the foal to the mare.

* When the foal's intestines are no longer able to absorb maternal antibody (approximately 30 hours post partum) it is safe to return the foal to the mare.

==References==

==References==