Species Differences in Laryngeal Structure
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Equine
- Fusion of the two plates of the thyroid cartilage is incomplete forming a rostral pointing notch which is a good site for surgical entry into the larynx
- Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
- Cuneiform processes attached to epiglottis
- Prominance (surgical landmark) rostral to opening in thyroid cartilage
Canine
- Thyroarytenoid muscle is divided into 2 parts- rostral and caudal vocalis which are situated within the vocal folds and vestibular folds
- Laryngeal ventricles present
Feline
- Thick vocal folds
- Purring due to vibration of vocal folds (and of the diaphragm) by rapid twitching of laryngeal muscles
- Very sensitive mucosa making intubation tricky
Ruminants
- Thyroid cartilage completely ventral
- Small median ventricle is present in sheep and goats
- Narrow glottic cleft making intubation difficult
- Close to the median retropharyngeal lymph node so enlargement of the lymph nodes may compress the larynx as well as the pharynx
Porcine
- Small laryngeal ventricle present
- Double corniculate process in arytenoid cartilages
- Stimulation of laryngeal mucosa can results in violent laryngeal spasm
Avian
- No vocal folds
- Sound in the bird is produced in the syrinx
- Larynx on hyoid apparatus
- Paired arytenoids, one constrictor and one dilator muscle only
- No epiglottis