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− | * Vascular disturbances cause obstruction of efferent veins, blockage of afferent arteries or reduced blood flow through unobstructed circulation.
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− | ** All have similar effects on the intestine
| + | |pagetitle =Intestine - Vascular Disturbances |
| + | |pagebody = <div style="text-align: left; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;"> |
| + | Vascular disturbances cause obstruction of efferent veins, blockage of afferent arteries or reduced blood flow through unobstructed circulation. All have similar effects on the intestine. |
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| '''Effects of Intestinal Hypoxia''' | | '''Effects of Intestinal Hypoxia''' |
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| ** 4 - 5 hours - all mucosa necrotic, sloughed. | | ** 4 - 5 hours - all mucosa necrotic, sloughed. |
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− | ==[[Intestinal Venous Congestion]] == | + | </div> |
| + | |contenttitle =Content |
| + | |contentbody =<big><b> |
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| + | <categorytree mode=pages>Intestine - Vascular Disturbances</categorytree> |
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| + | </b></big> |
| + | |logo =path-logo.png |
| + | }} |
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− | ==[[Intestinal Arterial Thromboembolism]] ==
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− | * Non-strangulation infarction.
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− | * There is often a functional obstruction at point of infarction.
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− | * Relatively rare as the bowel has a good anastomosing blood supply.
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− | [[Image:strongylus vulgaris.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Thrombosis of cranial mesenteric artery caused by Strongylus vulgaris larvae (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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− | ===Horses===
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− | * E.g. [[Strongylus vulgaris|'''''Strongylus vulgaris''''']] larvae migrating in cranial mesenteric artery in horse
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− | ** Cause arteritis with thickening of wall
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− | *** Due to fibrin and debris deposition and hypersensitivity reaction
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− | ** Leads to vasoconstriction
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− | *** May occlude lumen and encourage thromboemboli.
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− | ** Can cause ischaemic necrosis of a segment of [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]]
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− | ** Is less common now that [[Strongylus vulgaris|'''''Strongylus vulgaris''''']] infections are declining.
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− | * E.g. '''equine''' [[Intestines Fibrinous/Haemorrhagic Enteritis - Pathology#Salmonellosis|'''salmonellosis''']].
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− | [[Image:Infaction of the small bowel.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Infarction of the small bowel (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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− | ===Small Animals===
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− | * Especially dogs
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− | * '''Road traffic accidents''' produce and infact in the gut.
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− | * '''Renal disease''' also causes infarction.
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− | ** Particularly nephrotic syndrome.
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− | ** Anticoagulant proteins are lost in the urine, leading to a prothrombic state in the ciruclation.
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− | ===Pathology===
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− | * Similar to that caused by venous congestion.
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− | * See sharply delineated dark areas in bowel that are flaccid with loss of tone.
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− | ** These become necrotic followed later by peritonitis.
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| [[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]] | | [[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]] |