|
| Physiology | Units | Approximate Value | Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| General Horse | |||
| Heart Rate | Beats per min | 32 - 44 | |
| Resting Respiratory Rate | Breaths per min | 10 - 14 | |
| Urine Specific Gravity | Grams per milli-litre | 1.025 - 1.060 | |
| Cardiac Output (Rest) | Litres/Min | 30 | |
| Cardiac Output (Max Excerise) | Litres/Min | 220 | |
| Maximum Urine Osmolarity | mosmol/litre | 2000 | |
| Urine/Plasma Conc Ratio | n/a | 7 | |
| Mare | |||
| Rectal Temperature | Fahrenheit | 100 | 99.5 - 101.3 |
| Rectal Temperature | Centigrade | 37.5 - 38.5 | |
| Stallion | |||
| Rectal Temperature | Fahrenheit | 99.5 - 101.3 | |
| Rectal Temperature | Centigrade | 37.5 - 38.5 | |
| Donkey | |||
| Temperature | °C | 37.1 | 36.5 - 37.7 |
| °F | 98.8 | 97.7 - 99.9 | |
| Pulse | beats/minute | 41 | 31 - 53 |
| Respiration | breaths/minute | 20 | 13 - 31 |
Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) The Professional Handbook of the Donkey, 4th edition, Whittet Books, Appendix 1 |}