Difference between revisions of "Avian Intestines - Anatomy & Physiology"
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
| − | + | The '''intestines''' occupy the caudal part of the body. They contact the reproductive organs and the '''[[Gizzard - Anatomy & Physiology|gizzard]]'''. The '''small intestine''' is long and relatively uniform in shape and size. There is no demarcation between the '''[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]''' and the '''[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|ileum]]'''. | |
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| + | [[Image:Duodenum Avian Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Duodenum and Pancreas - RVC 2008]] | ||
| − | + | The '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]''' passes caudally over the '''gizzard''' then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the '''jejunum'''. It arises from the right dorsal aspect of the '''gizzard'''. The loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor and the '''[[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]]''' lies within the loops. Three '''pancreatic ducts''' and one '''bile duct''' enter the caudal '''duodenum''' at a common papilla. | |
| − | + | ===[[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|Jejunum]]=== | |
| − | + | The jejunum has loose coils around the mesentery. It has thin walls so its content appears green. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery. | |
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| − | + | ===[[Ileum - Anatomy & Physiology|Ileum]]=== | |
| − | + | The ileum begins opposite the apices of the '''caeca''' or at the '''vitelline diverticula'''. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery . | |
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| − | + | [[Image:Colon and Caeca Anatomy Avian.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anatomy of the Avian Colon and Caeca - RVC 2008]] | |
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| − | + | ===[[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]]=== | |
| + | The short colon lies ventral to the '''synsacrum''' and opens into the '''[[Avian Vent and Cloaca - Anatomy & Physiology|cloaca]]'''. It runs ventral to the vertebrae and terminates in the '''coprodeum'''. Amino acids and glucose can be absorbed here. | ||
| − | + | Two '''caeca''' from the '''ileocaecal junction''' run with the '''ileum''' caudally. They are blind sacs. They extend towards the [[Avian Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] then fold back on themselves. The mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the ileum. It often contains dark coloured material. There are three parts of each caecum. It is where the bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs. Antiperistaltic movements transport chyme and the caeca are emptied a few times per day. Unlike mammals, there are no lacteals in the epithelium. | |
| + | ===Vitelline Diverticula=== | ||
| + | [[Image:Vitelline Diverticula.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Vitelline Diverticula Anatomy- RVC 2008]] | ||
| + | The vitelline diverticulum is a small outgrowth on the '''jejunum'''. It is the former connection with the yolk sac. It is also called '''Meckel's diverticulum'''. | ||
==Function== | ==Function== | ||
| − | + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. | |
==Vasculature== | ==Vasculature== | ||
| − | + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. | |
==Innervation== | ==Innervation== | ||
| − | + | See '''[[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine overview]]'''. | |
==Lymphatics== | ==Lymphatics== | ||
| − | + | Patches of lymphoid nodules are present in '''[[Peyer's Patches - Anatomy & Physiology|Peyer's Patches]]'''. They are most abundant in the '''[[Duodenum - Anatomy & Physiology|duodenum]]'''. There are no mesenteric lymph nodes. | |
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==Histology== | ==Histology== | ||
| − | + | The serous coat has nerve plexuses. There are columnar epithelium and goblet cells, with smooth muscle in folds at the base. The '''caecal sphincter''' at the proximal part contains a lot of lymphoid tissue (caecal tonsil). The middle section has thin walls and appears green and the bulbous blind ends have thicker walls. | |
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| + | For more information, see: [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology#Histology|small intestine histology]]. | ||
==Species Differences== | ==Species Differences== | ||
| − | + | The '''duck''' and '''goose''' have several loops of 'U' shaped [[Jejunum - Anatomy & Physiology|jejunum]]. '''Pigeons''' have a circular mass of jejunum with inner and outer turns. Long caeca are present in the '''turkey''' and '''chicken'''. '''Pigeons''' and song birds have short caeca. '''Parrots''' do not have caeca. The dorsal and ventral lobes of the [[Pancreas - Anatomy & Physiology|pancreas]] are connected dorsally in '''poultry'''. | |
| − | + | ==Links== | |
| − | + | '''Click here for information on the [[:Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]''' | |
| − | + | '''Click here for more information on the [[:Category:Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]]''' | |
| − | + | {{Template:Learning | |
| + | |flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]] | ||
| + | }} | ||
| − | + | {{OpenPages}} | |
| − | + | [[Category:Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology]] | |
| − | + | [[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]] | |
| + | [[Category:A&P Done]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:09, 28 June 2012
Structure
The intestines occupy the caudal part of the body. They contact the reproductive organs and the gizzard. The small intestine is long and relatively uniform in shape and size. There is no demarcation between the jejunum and the ileum.
The duodenum passes caudally over the gizzard then loops back towards the stomach where it joins the jejunum. It arises from the right dorsal aspect of the gizzard. The loop lies ventral on the abdominal floor and the pancreas lies within the loops. Three pancreatic ducts and one bile duct enter the caudal duodenum at a common papilla.
Jejunum
The jejunum has loose coils around the mesentery. It has thin walls so its content appears green. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery.
Ileum
The ileum begins opposite the apices of the caeca or at the vitelline diverticula. It is suspended from the dorsal wall of the abdomen by the mesentery .
colon
The short colon lies ventral to the synsacrum and opens into the cloaca. It runs ventral to the vertebrae and terminates in the coprodeum. Amino acids and glucose can be absorbed here.
Two caeca from the ileocaecal junction run with the ileum caudally. They are blind sacs. They extend towards the liver then fold back on themselves. The mesentery runs between the caeca then on towards the ileum. It often contains dark coloured material. There are three parts of each caecum. It is where the bacterial breakdown of cellulose occurs. Antiperistaltic movements transport chyme and the caeca are emptied a few times per day. Unlike mammals, there are no lacteals in the epithelium.
Vitelline Diverticula
The vitelline diverticulum is a small outgrowth on the jejunum. It is the former connection with the yolk sac. It is also called Meckel's diverticulum.
Function
Vasculature
Innervation
Lymphatics
Patches of lymphoid nodules are present in Peyer's Patches. They are most abundant in the duodenum. There are no mesenteric lymph nodes.
Histology
The serous coat has nerve plexuses. There are columnar epithelium and goblet cells, with smooth muscle in folds at the base. The caecal sphincter at the proximal part contains a lot of lymphoid tissue (caecal tonsil). The middle section has thin walls and appears green and the bulbous blind ends have thicker walls.
For more information, see: small intestine histology.
Species Differences
The duck and goose have several loops of 'U' shaped jejunum. Pigeons have a circular mass of jejunum with inner and outer turns. Long caeca are present in the turkey and chicken. Pigeons and song birds have short caeca. Parrots do not have caeca. The dorsal and ventral lobes of the pancreas are connected dorsally in poultry.
Links
Click here for information on the Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology
Click here for more information on the Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology
| Avian Intestines - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources | |
|---|---|
 Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions |
Avian Alimentary Tract |
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