Beak Overgrowth - Chelonia
Introduction
Beak overgrowth is a common problem in chelonia.
The animals normally presents with malocclusion, which can be secondary to either the build up of keratinous debris or overgrowth of the keratinous mouthparts themselves. Overgrowth is most commonly seen in the upper beak - this is known as rhamphotheca.
There are multiple causes for this overgrowth, including inappropriate diet (high protein/no abrasive components to the diet), nutritional osteodystrophy and rapid growth. It is most commonly a consequence of owners not providing enough abrasive material in the diet.
Clinical Signs
On presentation, there are signs of beak overgrowth and malocclusion. In severe cases subluxation of the temporomandibular articulation can occur. The animal may have a history of anorexia or difficulty eating.
Diagnosis
A diagnosis can be made based on history and clinical signs alone. Additionally, radiography should be performed of the skull to determine how much trimming is required.
Treatment
The overgrown mouthparts of the chelonia can be trimmed using a burr. It there is severe overgrowth, trimming should be staged so that the mouthparts are gradually returned to their normal size.
If there is a build-up of keratinous debris, this can be removed using a small dental instrument. Only manual restraint is required for this procedure because the debris should come away from the normal tissue with ease.
Prevention
Abrasive food such as cuttlefish, periwinkles and other shelled invertebrates should be provided for the chelonia. Some specialist chelonia feeds are also available for this purpose. Additionally, normal food may be placed on a hard and abrasive surface to encourage beak wear.
Prognosis
Prognosis is very good (unless overgrowth is very severe), however management changes are necessary to prevent recurrence.
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References
Frye, FL & Williams, DL (1995) Self-Assessment Colour Review - Reptiles & Amphibians Manson
Goodman, G (2007) Common dermatoses in reptiles In Practice 2007 29: 288-293