Difference between revisions of "Campylobacter jejuni"

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*Widespread on farms - hyperendemic
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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*Carried as commensals in intestines of cattle, sheep, dogs, wild birds and especially chickens
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Also known as: '''''C. jejuni — C. fetus subsp jejuni — Vibrio jejuni'''''
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*Farm animals regularly exposed via faecal-oral route; maternal antibody protects while active immunity develops
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{{Taxobox
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*Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans, pets
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|name              =''Campylobacter jejuni''
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*Most chicken carcasses contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat
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|phylum            =Proteobacteria
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*Colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes; toxin production
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|class              =Epsilon Proteobacteria
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*Necrosis of colonic absorptive epithelial cells, erosion of mucosa, crypt abscesses, inflammatory infiltrate of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] into mucosa causes colitis
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|order              =Campylobacterales
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*Enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs; treatment with enrofloxacin
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|family            =Campylobacteraceae
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*Causes abortion in ewes
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|genus              =[[:Campylobacter species|Campylobacter]]
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*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak
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|species            =''C.jejuni''
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*Implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves[[Category:Campylobacter_species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]
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}}
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==Introduction==
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[[File:jejuni.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter jejuni'' Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons]]
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''Campylobacter jejuni'' belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''C.jejuni'' is an '''important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species'''. Although ''C. jejuni'' rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the '''largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK''' and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.
  
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* An important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species.
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It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause [[:Category:Mastitis|mastitis]] in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens. Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.  
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* The largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK.
 
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** Is therefore a public health issue.
 
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* Very widely distributed on the farm- carried in the intestinal tract of:
 
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** Cattle
 
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** Sheep
 
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** Dogs
 
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** Chickens
 
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** Wild birds
 
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* Widespread distribution on the farm means that it is hyperendemic.
 
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** All animals are regularly exposed to it by the faecal oral route.
 
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** Passive (colostral) protection is helpful while active immunity develops.
 
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* There is no regular exposure in the hygienic environment of the human or pet dog.
 
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** These animals are much more susceptible to infection.
 
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* The intestinal contents of the broiler chicken may be spread around the abdominal cavity at slaughter.
 
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** Most poultry is moderately or heavily contaminated.
 
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*** If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
 
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*** Bacteria may be ingested by humans handling the raw meat.
 
  
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====Pathogenesis====
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Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
  
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* Bacteria colonise the gut, attach to and invade the mucosa, and produce toxin.  
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''C. jejuni'' causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian [[ Hepatitis, Acute|hepatitis]] occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated
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* Causes colitis, characterised by:
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Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
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** Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
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** Erosion of the mucosa
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==Pathogenesis==
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** Crypt abscesses  
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The pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.  
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** Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa.
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*** Primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
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It causes colitis, characterised by:
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* Functional flagella are important as virulence factors.  
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:Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
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** Non-flagellate campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive in vitro.
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:Erosion of the mucosa
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* Diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.
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:Crypt abscesses
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:Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
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The bacteria's functional flagella are important as virulence factors. Non-flagellate [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']] do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive.
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{{Learning
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+yr%3A%5B2000+TO+2010%5D%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+ab%3A%28%22Food+safety%22%29+OR+ab%3A%28%22Public+health%22%29%29%29&fq=subject_facet%3A%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22&fq=gl_facet%3A%22UK%22 ''Campylobacter jejuni'' in the UK]
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|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093305608.pdf '''Campylobacter jejuni - a monographic study (review).''' Corcionivoschi, N.; Drinceanu, D.; Ştef, L.; Julean, C.; Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, 2009, 42, 1, pp 26-34, 48 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
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}}
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{{review}}
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{{OpenPages}}
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[[Category:Zoonoses]]
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[[Category:Campylobacter_species]]
 
[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
 
[[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
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[[Category:Expert Review - Bacteria]]

Latest revision as of 14:09, 20 July 2012


Also known as: C. jejuni — C. fetus subsp jejuni — Vibrio jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni
Phylum Proteobacteria
Class Epsilon Proteobacteria
Order Campylobacterales
Family Campylobacteraceae
Genus Campylobacter
Species C.jejuni

Introduction

Campylobacter jejuni Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons

Campylobacter jejuni belongs to the genus Campylobacter. C.jejuni is an important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species. Although C. jejuni rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.

It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause mastitis in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens. Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.

Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.

C. jejuni causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of C.jejuni involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.

It causes colitis, characterised by:

Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
Erosion of the mucosa
Crypt abscesses
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily neutrophils.

The bacteria's functional flagella are important as virulence factors. Non-flagellate Campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive.



Campylobacter jejuni Learning Resources
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Literature Search
Search for recent publications via CAB Abstract
(CABI log in required) 		Campylobacter jejuni in the UK
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Full Text Articles
Full text articles available from CAB Abstract
(CABI log in required) 		Campylobacter jejuni - a monographic study (review). Corcionivoschi, N.; Drinceanu, D.; Ştef, L.; Julean, C.; Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, 2009, 42, 1, pp 26-34, 48 ref. - Full Text Article



This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.



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