Difference between revisions of "Campylobacter jejuni"

Latest revision as of 14:09, 20 July 2012

Also known as: C. jejuni — C. fetus subsp jejuni — Vibrio jejuni

Campylobacter jejuni
Phylum	Proteobacteria
Class	Epsilon Proteobacteria
Order	Campylobacterales
Family	Campylobacteraceae
Genus	Campylobacter
Species	C.jejuni

Introduction

Campylobacter jejuni Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons

Campylobacter jejuni belongs to the genus Campylobacter. C.jejuni is an important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species. Although C. jejuni rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.

It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause mastitis in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens. Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.

Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.

C. jejuni causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.

Pathogenesis

The pathogenesis of C.jejuni involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.

It causes colitis, characterised by:

Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells

Erosion of the mucosa

Crypt abscesses

Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily neutrophils.

The bacteria's functional flagella are important as virulence factors. Non-flagellate Campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive.

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Campylobacter jejuni in the UK

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Campylobacter jejuni - a monographic study (review). Corcionivoschi, N.; Drinceanu, D.; Ştef, L.; Julean, C.; Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, 2009, 42, 1, pp 26-34, 48 ref. - Full Text Article

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{unfinished}}
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
-{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
+Also known as: '''''C. jejuni — C. fetus subsp jejuni — Vibrio jejuni'''''
-| Also known as:
+{{Taxobox
-| ''C.jejuni''
+|name               =''Campylobacter jejuni''
-|-
+|phylum             =Proteobacteria
-|}
+|class              =Epsilon Proteobacteria
+|order              =Campylobacterales
+|family             =Campylobacteraceae
+|genus              =[[:Campylobacter species|Campylobacter]]
+|species            =''C.jejuni''
+}}
+==Introduction==
+[[File:jejuni.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Campylobacter jejuni'' Marco Tolo 2006, WikiMedia Commons]]
+''Campylobacter jejuni'' belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']]. ''C.jejuni'' is an '''important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species'''. Although ''C. jejuni'' rarely causes fatal disease in animals, it is the leading cause of foodborne diseases in humans. It is the '''largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK''' and is therefore a public health issue causing diarrhoea and cramps.
-''Campylobacter jejuni belongs to the genus [[Campylobacter species- Overview|''Campylobacter'']].
+It also causes late abortion and still births in sheep and goats, and may also cause [[:Category:Mastitis|mastitis]] in cattle. It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, wild birds and especially chickens.  Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops.
-It is widespread on farms and is hyperendemic. It can be carried as commensals in the intestines of cattle, sheep, dogs, wild birds and especially chickens.
-Farm animals are regularly exposed via the faecal-oral route. Maternal antibody protects the animal while the active immunity develops. Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets.
-Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat.
-Pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.
+Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans and pets. Humans can become infected by faecal contaminated poultry skin, meat, milk and water sources. It can also be spread by humans via poor hygiene and during food processing. Most chicken carcasses are contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat. If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
-[[Category:Enteritis, Bacterial|Enteritis]] and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs; treatment with enrofloxacin
-*Causes abortion in ewes
-*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak
-*Implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves[[Category:Campylobacter_species]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]]
-* An important enteropathogen of man and a number of animal species.
+''C. jejuni'' causes enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs and causes abortion in ewes. It usually causes asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian [[ Hepatitis, Acute|hepatitis]] occur. It is implicated in [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated
-* The largest cause of food-poisoning in the UK.
+Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
-** Is therefore a public health issue.
-* Very widely distributed on the farm- carried in the intestinal tract of:
-** Cattle
-** Sheep
-** Dogs
-** Chickens
-** Wild birds
-* Widespread distribution on the farm means that it is hyperendemic.
-** All animals are regularly exposed to it by the faecal oral route.
-** Passive (colostral) protection is helpful while active immunity develops.
-* There is no regular exposure in the hygienic environment of the human or pet dog.
-** These animals are much more susceptible to infection.
-* The intestinal contents of the broiler chicken may be spread around the abdominal cavity at slaughter.
-** Most poultry is moderately or heavily contaminated.
-*** If frozen chicken is inadequately thawed, bacteria may remain viable in the abdominal cavity.
-*** Bacteria may be ingested by humans handling the raw meat.
-====Pathogenesis====
+==Pathogenesis==
+The pathogenesis of ''C.jejuni'' involves the colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes and toxin production.
-* Bacteria colonise the gut, attach to and invade the mucosa, and produce toxin.
+It causes colitis, characterised by:
-* Causes colitis, characterised by:
+:Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
-** Necrosis of absorptive epithelial cells
+:Erosion of the mucosa
-** Erosion of the mucosa
+:Crypt abscesses
-** Crypt abscesses
+:Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa and the presence of primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
-** Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the mucosa.
-*** Primarily [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
-* Functional flagella are important as virulence factors.
-** Non-flagellate campylobacter do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive in vitro.
-* Diagnosed by laboratory diagnosis.
+The bacteria's functional flagella are important as virulence factors. Non-flagellate [[Campylobacter species - Overview|''Campylobacter'']] do not colonise in vivo, and are less invasive.
-Campylobacter fetus or jejuni In ewes, causes abortion storms. Transmission is oral from faeces or aborted material and leads to late abortion, premature and weak lambs. See areas of focal hepatic necrosis in foetus.
+{{Learning
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+yr%3A%5B2000+TO+2010%5D%29%29+AND+%28%28title%3A%28%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22%29+AND+ab%3A%28%22Food+safety%22%29+OR+ab%3A%28%22Public+health%22%29%29%29&fq=subject_facet%3A%22Campylobacter+jejuni%22&fq=gl_facet%3A%22UK%22 ''Campylobacter jejuni'' in the UK]
+|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2009/20093305608.pdf '''Campylobacter jejuni - a monographic study (review).''' Corcionivoschi, N.; Drinceanu, D.; Ştef, L.; Julean, C.; Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, Timişoara, Romania, Lucrări Ştiinţifice - Zootehnie şi Biotehnologii, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină Veterinară a Banatului Timişoara, 2009, 42, 1, pp 26-34, 48 ref. - '''Full Text Article''']
+}}
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Zoonoses]]
+[[Category:Campylobacter_species]]
 [[Category:Enteritis,_Bacterial]]
+[[Category:Expert Review - Bacteria]]
-[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]

Difference between revisions of "Campylobacter jejuni"

Latest revision as of 14:09, 20 July 2012

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