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| Canine uveodermatologic syndrome is an autoimmune condition directed against melanin of neural crest (skin, hair, anterior uvea) and neuroectodermal (retina) origin. | | Canine uveodermatologic syndrome is an autoimmune condition directed against melanin of neural crest (skin, hair, anterior uvea) and neuroectodermal (retina) origin. |
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− | From what is known in humans, it is thought that a cell-mediated hypersensitivity exists against melanin and melanocytes, and distinct subpopulations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with activity against melanocytes have been identified. | + | From what is known in humans, it is thought that a cell-mediated [[:Category:Hypersensitivity|hypersensitivity]] exists against melanin and melanocytes, and distinct subpopulations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with activity against melanocytes have been identified. |
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| The condition is reported most often in breeds such as: Akita, Australian Shepherd Dog, Beagle, Chow Chow, Samoyed, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute and related crossbreeds. | | The condition is reported most often in breeds such as: Akita, Australian Shepherd Dog, Beagle, Chow Chow, Samoyed, Siberian Husky, Alaskan Malamute and related crossbreeds. |
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− | ==Clinical signs== | + | ==Clinical Signs== |
| Initial onset of lesions has been noted in animals ranging from '''13 months to 6 years''' of age. | | Initial onset of lesions has been noted in animals ranging from '''13 months to 6 years''' of age. |
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− | '''Ocular signs''' generally precede dermatological signs. Initially they consist of '''bilateral uveitis'''. | + | '''Ocular signs''' generally precede dermatological signs. Initially they consist of '''bilateral uveitis'''. Later this can progress to '''retinal detachment, posterior synechiae with secondary glaucoma and cataracts''' and a resulting '''blindness'''. |
− | Later this can progress to '''retinal detachment, posterior synechiae with secondary glaucoma and cataracts''' and a resulting '''blindness'''. | |
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− | '''Skin and hair abnormalities''': '''leukoderma and leukotrichia''' often involving the eyelids, nasal planum, lips, scrotum, vulva, footpads. '''Erythema, ulceration and crusting''' can also occur in the depigmented areas. | + | '''Skin and hair abnormalities''': '''[[Hypopigmentatin|leukoderma and leukotrichia]]''' often involving the eyelids, nasal planum, lips, scrotum, vulva, footpads. '''Erythema, ulceration and crusting''' can also occur in the depigmented areas. |
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− | Pain and prutitus can occur and '''lymphadenopathy''' is common. | + | Pain and pruritus can occur and '''lymphadenopathy''' is common. |
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| ==Diagnosis== | | ==Diagnosis== |
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| '''Histopathology''' should be performed on skin biopsies. Biopsies show lichenoid dermatitis, histiocytes, small mononuclear cells and giant cell infiltration. The level of melanin in the epidermis and hair follicles is decreased. | | '''Histopathology''' should be performed on skin biopsies. Biopsies show lichenoid dermatitis, histiocytes, small mononuclear cells and giant cell infiltration. The level of melanin in the epidermis and hair follicles is decreased. |
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− | Differential diagnoses such as SLE, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, epitheliotropic lymphoma, vitiligo and leishmaniasis should be ruled out. | + | Differential diagnoses such as [[SLE]], [[Pemphigus|pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus]], epitheliotropic [[lymphoma]], vitiligo and [[Leishmania|leishmaniasis]] should be ruled out. |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
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| In all cases, '''aggressive treatment''' is required and short-term success is usually good. However '''recurrence is common''' and lesions may never fully resolve. | | In all cases, '''aggressive treatment''' is required and short-term success is usually good. However '''recurrence is common''' and lesions may never fully resolve. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |flashcards = [[Small Animal Dermatology Q&A 18]] |
| + | }} |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
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| Maggs, D. (2008) '''Slatter's fundamentals of veterinary ophthalmology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' | | Maggs, D. (2008) '''Slatter's fundamentals of veterinary ophthalmology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences'' |
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− | [[Category:To Do - Helen]] | + | |
− | [[Category:To Do - Review]] | + | {{review}} |
| + | [[Category:Dermatological Diseases - Dog]] |
| + | [[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]] |
| + | [[Category:Integumantary System - Pathology]] |