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Category:Gram Negative Anaerobic Bacteria (view source)
Revision as of 22:19, 9 October 2010
, 22:19, 9 October 2010Text replace - "Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks" to ""
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==Introduction==
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This group includes Gram negative, anaerobic bacteria. They are excreted in faeces and survive short periods in environment. They can cause opportunistic infections with facultative anaerobes. Non-specific infections include; wound infections, cellulitis, abscesses, oral infections and [[Peritonitis|peritonitis]]. Specific infections include; liver abscesses in cattle, [[Calf Diphtheria]] and footrot in sheep. They may be required to produce [[Swine Dysentery|swine dysentery]].
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==Pathogenic Organisms==
Pathogenic gram negative anaerobic bacteria that are of interest to vets include:
*[[Bacteroides fragillis]]
*[[Dichelobacter nodosus]]
*[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]
==Pathogenesis and pathogenicity==
The bacteria cause pathology by the invasion of damaged tissues. They replicate at low or negative reduction potentials and produce superoxide dismutase, allowing survival in oxygenated tissues until conditions are appropriate.
Tissue necrosis and multiplication of facultative anaerobes allows anaerobic conditions for growth of facultative anaerobes. Most infections are mixed with the synergistic relationship between bacteria, e.g. between ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum]]'' and [[Arcanobacter pyogenes|''Arcanobacter pyogenes'']] and between ''[[Fusobacterium necrophorum|F. necrophorum]]'' and ''[[Dichelobacter nodosus]]'' in ruminant pedal lesions.
==Diagnosis==
To diagnose bacterial infection, direct samples can be taken from lesions and discharges and cultured in anaerobic conditions with hydrogen and 10% carbon dioxide. They require enriched media for growth, for example enriched blood agar supplemented with 5-10% ruminant red cells, yeast extract, vitamin K and haemin. The media must have been pre-reduced. The colonies have a foetid or putrid odour.
Antibiotic sensitivity, biochemical tests and gas liquid chromatography can be used for more accurate identification.
[[Category:Anaerobic bacteria]]
[[Category:Anaerobic bacteria]]
[[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]