|
|
| (10 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| − | {{review}} | + | {{frontpage |
| | + | |pagetitle =Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species |
| | + | |pagebody = ''Pseudomonas'' and ''Burkholderia'' species are gram-negative rods that are found in the soil and water worldwide. Both species cause opportunistic infections. |
| | + | |contenttitle =Content |
| | + | |contentbody =<big><b> |
| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species</categorytree> |
| | + | </b></big> |
| | + | |logo =bugs-logo copy.png |
| | + | }} |
| | | | |
| − | ===Overview===
| |
| | | | |
| − | *Organisms found in soil and water worldwide
| + | [[Category:Bacterial Organisms]] |
| − | *''Burkholderia mallei'' causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]]; rodents act as reservoir of infection
| + | [[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]] |
| − | *''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' causes meliodosis
| + | [[Category:Rods]] |
| − | *''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'', found on skin, mucous membranes and in faeces, causes opportunistic infections
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===Characteristics===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Gram-negative rods
| |
| − | *Obligate aerobes
| |
| − | *Oxidase and catalase positive
| |
| − | *''Pseudomonas'' species and ''Burkholderia pseudomallei'' motile by polar flagellae
| |
| − | *''Burkholderia mallei'' non-motile
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===''[[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]''===
| |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ===''Burkholderia mallei''===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Glanders|glanders]], a contagious disease of ''Equidae''
| |
| − | *Nodules and ulcers in respiratory tract and on skin
| |
| − | *Largely eradicated but sporadic cases in Middle East, India, China
| |
| − | *Pathogenesis:
| |
| − | **Transmited by ingestion of food/water contaminated by nasal discharge of infected ''Equidae''; occasionally via inhalation or skin wounds
| |
| − | **Organism invades nasopharyngeal mucosa and spreads to other tissues via lymphatics
| |
| − | **Presence of ''B. mallei'' in host causes hypersensitivity reaction
| |
| − | *Clinical infections:
| |
| − | **Acute septicaemic form with fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge and respiratory signs; death within weeks
| |
| − | **Chronic disease more common:
| |
| − | ***Nasal form: [[Nasal Cavity Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]; ulcerative nodules develop on mucosa of nasal septum and lower part of turbinates; purulent blood-stained nasal discharge; regional lymphadenitis
| |
| − | ***Respiratory form: respiratory distress; granulomatous lesions throughout lungs
| |
| − | ***Cutaneous form (farcy): lymphangitis; nodules along lymphatic vesselsof limbs; ulcers develop and discharge pus
| |
| − | ***May die after several months or recover and shed organisms from respiratory tract or skin
| |
| − | **Carnivores may contract disease by eating infected carcasses
| |
| − | *Diagnosis:
| |
| − | **Specimens include discharges from lesions and blood for serology
| |
| − | **Grows on media containing 1% glycerol; most strains are non-lactose fermenters on MacConkey agar
| |
| − | **Complement fixation and agglutination
| |
| − | **Serology
| |
| − | **Mallein test: mallein injected intradermally below lower eyelid; local swelling and discharge indicates positive reation
| |
| − | *Treatment/control:
| |
| − | **Test and slaughter policy where disease exotic
| |
| − | **Disinfection of contaminated areas using formalin or an iodophor
| |
| − | | |
| − | ===''Burkholderia pseudomallei===
| |
| − | | |
| − | *Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Melioidosis (Pseudoglanders)|melioidosis]] - endemic in Asia and Australia
| |
| − | *Primarily infects rodents
| |
| − | *Pathogenesis:
| |
| − | **Infection via ingestion, inhalation or skin wounds from environment
| |
| − | **Exotoxin, dermonecrotic protease and lecithinase implicated in pathogenicity
| |
| − | **Strain virulence and host immunosuppression important
| |
| − | *Clinical infections:
| |
| − | **Opportunistic infection with stress and immunosuppression predisposing to disease
| |
| − | **Abscesses develop in many organs including lungs, spleen, liver, joints, CNS, upper respiratory tract
| |
| − | **Chronic, debilitating, progressive disease with long incubation period
| |
| − | **Many animal species susceptible
| |
| − | **Referred to as pseudoglanders in horses
| |
| − | *Diagnosis:
| |
| − | **Specimens: pus from abscesses, affected tissues, blood
| |
| − | **Fluorescent antibody technique on tissue smears
| |
| − | **Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates, incubated aerobically
| |
| − | **Colonies have musty smell
| |
| − | **Lactose fermentation on MacConkey
| |
| − | **Slide agglutination
| |
| − | **ELISA, complement fixation and indirect haemagglutination tests for serum antibodies
| |
| − | *Treatment/control: slaughter of infected animals where exotic
| |
| − | [[Category:Pseudomonas and Burkholderia species]][[Category:Gram_negative_bacteria]][[Category:Rods]]
| |
