Difference between revisions of "Chorioptic Mange"

Latest revision as of 16:07, 30 July 2012

Introduction

All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite Chorioptes bovis.

Pathogenesis

Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning its pathogenic significance is mild.

In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.

Clinical Signs

Cattle and Small Ruminants

The disease in these species is usually very mild and not often noticed by stockmen. Signs that are noticed include rubbing and scratching of the affected area and damage to the hide (often not seen until after slaughter).

Typically affected areas are the base of tail, perineum and the udder, as well as legs of sheep and goats.

Horses

The disease is more noticable in horses, with them shaking, scratching, rubbing, stamping and biting the affected areas regularly. Crusty skin lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon are a common manifestation as well as thickening of the skin and loss of hair in chronic cases.

The problem is worse in colder months and mud can exacerbate the problem to lead to exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection (greasy heel) in severe cases.

Diagnosis

History and clinical signs are often used to make a presumptive diagnosis.

A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope.

Treatment

Always clip the affected area.

There are no products currently licensed for treatment of Chorioptes. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective

Topical

1% Selenium sulphide shampoo - whole body shampoo

Fipronil (Frontline spray) - on affected area

Systemic

Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation.

Treat all in-contact animals and disinfect bedding, housing and any shared tack (horses).

References

Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine, Lippincott, Williams; Wilkins

Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites Royal Veterinary College

Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003) Practical Equine Dermatology, Blackwell Science

Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) Veterinary Parasitology third edition, Blackwell Science

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+{{OpenPagesTop}}
 == Introduction  ==
-Chorioptes is a '''non- burrowing '''mite which resides on the skin surface
+All species are thought to be affected by the same strain of mite [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes bovis'']].
-'''Hosts''': Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Rabbits
+== Pathogenesis  ==
-'''Predilection sites''': Skin- especially legs, feet (particularly heavily feathered horses), udder, abdomen and base of tail
+Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they&nbsp;feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning its pathogenic significance is mild.
-'''Life cycle''': Egg- Larvae- Nymph- Adult. This lifecycle takes around three weeks to complete. Eggs are found attached the the surface of the skin. Adults can survive off the ground for around three weeks, meaning transmission can be via bedding and housing as well as by direct contact.
+In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by self trauma.
-All species are thought to be&nbsp;affected by the same strain of mite ''Chorioptes bovis''
+== Clinical Signs  ==
+'''Cattle and Small Ruminants'''
+The disease in these species is usually very mild and not often noticed by stockmen. Signs that are noticed include rubbing and scratching of the affected area and damage to the hide (often not seen until after slaughter).
-== Pathogenesis ==
+Typically affected areas are the base of tail, perineum and the udder, as well as legs of sheep and goats.
-Chorioptes' mouthparts do not pierce the skin and they&nbsp;feed on skin debris and exudate, meaning is pathogenic significance is mild.
+'''Horses'''
-In cattle, economic significance is the main factor as infestation can cause damage to the hide by&nbsp;self trauma.
+The disease is more noticable in horses, with them shaking, scratching, rubbing, stamping and biting the affected areas regularly. Crusty skin lesions on the pastern, fetlock and cannon are a common manifestation as well as thickening of the skin and loss of hair in chronic cases.
+The problem is worse in colder months and mud can exacerbate the problem to lead to exudative proliferative dermatitis with secondary bacterial infection ([[Greasy Heel|greasy heel]]) in severe cases.
+== Diagnosis  ==
-== Clinical Signs ==
+History and clinical signs are often used to make a presumptive diagnosis.
-<br>
+A skin scraping from the edge of a fresh lesion will often demonstrate the presence of the mite under a microscope.
-<br>
+== Treatment  ==
-<br>
+Always clip the affected area.
-Often seen in rough-legged horses with heavy feathering
+'''There are no products currently licensed for treatment of ''Chorioptes''. The list below contains a number of products that have been reported effective'''
-*Induce crusty skin and lesions below the hocks and knees
+'''Topical'''
-*Mild condition in cattle
+:1% Selenium sulphide shampoo - whole body shampoo
-**Rubbing and scratching
+:Fipronil (Frontline spray)  - on affected area
-**Hide damage
-**Usually affects the base of the tail, perineum and udder
-*Usually found on legs of sheep
+'''Systemic'''
-**Mild condition
-*Host-specific
+:Ivermectin, paste for horses, good to eliminate the mite in a group infestation.
-*In cattle, horses, goats
-*Caused by [[Chorioptes bovis|''Chorioptes'' spp.]]
-*Grossly:
-**Erythematous, papular, crusty lesions
-**Hairless, thickened skin
-**Areas usually affected:
-***Horses: lower hind legs
-***Cattle: lower hind legs, scrotum, perineum, tail, udder, thigh
-***Sheep: lower hind legs and scrotum
-***Goats: lower hind legs, hindquarters, abdomen
-[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical|To_Do_-_Kate]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]
+Treat all in-contact animals and disinfect bedding, housing and any shared tack (horses).
+== References  ==
+Brown, C.M, Bertone, J.J. (2002) '''The 5-Minute Veterinary Consult- Equine,''''' Lippincott, Williams; Wilkins ''
+Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ecotparasites '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
+Lloyd, D.H, Littlewood, J.D, Craig, J.M, Thomsett, L.R. (2003)''' Practical Equine Dermatology, '''''Blackwell Science''
+Taylor, M.A, Coop, R.L, Wall, R.L, (2007) '''Veterinary Parasitology third edition,''''' Blackwell Science ''
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Horse]][[Category:Expert Review - Farm Animal]] [[Category:Dermatological_Diseases_-_Horse]] [[Category:Integumentary_System_-_Mite_Infections]]