bones
- Main lesions:
- Injury to growth cartilage -> premature closure of growth plate
- Osteoporosis
- Exostoses
- Osteophyte formation in prolonged exposure
- In cats fed bovine liver for prolonged periods
- Rich in vitamin A in grazing animals
- Vertebrae fuse with each other due to bone proliferation - cervical spondylosis (ankylosing exostosis of the vertebral column), especially in the neck
- Can also be teratogenic, especially in pigs (cleft plate and abortions)
joints
- May cause spondylosis of cervical vertebrae
- Mainly on dorsolateral surface
- Also in elbow and shoulder joints -> fixation of joint
- May resolve with changes of diet