Changes

The carpal joint is a compound joint composed of:

The carpal joint is a compound joint composed of:

:The '''antebrachiocarpal joint''' between the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|radius/ulna]] and the proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|carpal bones]]

:The '''antebrachiocarpal joint''' between the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius/ulna]] and the proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal bones]]

:The '''middle carpal joint''' between the two rows of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|carpal bones]]

:The '''middle carpal joint''' between the two rows of [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal bones]]

:The '''carpometacarpal joint''' between the distal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|carpal bones]] and the proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|metacarpals]]

:The '''carpometacarpal joint''' between the distal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal bones]] and the proximal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|metacarpals]]

The joint is a synovial joint, comprising a common outer fibrous capsule and three inner synovial pouches, one for each joint. The fibrous joint capsule is strengthened by the '''extensor retinaculum''' on the dorsal aspect and the '''flexor retinaculum''' on the palmar aspect.  The '''carpal canal''' houses both the superficial and deep digital flexor tendon within a common synovial sheath.

The joint is a synovial joint, comprising a common outer fibrous capsule and three inner synovial pouches, one for each joint. The fibrous joint capsule is strengthened by the '''extensor retinaculum''' on the dorsal aspect and the '''flexor retinaculum''' on the palmar aspect.  The '''carpal canal''' houses both the superficial and deep digital flexor tendon within a common synovial sheath.

Ligaments supporting the carpus include:

Ligaments supporting the [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Joint|carpus ]] include:

*'''Long lateral collateral ligament''': Attaches to the lateral styloid process of the radius, then divides into a superficial branch and two deep branches. The superficial branch attaches on the lateral metacarpal (splint) and the two deep branches insert on the ulnar carpal and 4th carpal bones.

*'''Long lateral collateral ligament''': Attaches to the lateral styloid process of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]], then divides into a superficial branch and two deep branches. The superficial branch attaches on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|fourth metacarpal]](lateral splint) and the two deep branches insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|ulnar carpal]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|4th carpal]] bones.

*'''Long medial collateral ligament''': Attaches to the medial styloid process of the radius then runs to insert on the medial metacarpal (splint) bone. A deep branch then detaches to insert on 2nd carpal bone.

*'''Long medial collateral ligament''': Attaches to the medial styloid process of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Radius and Ulna|radius]] then runs to insert on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Metacarpals and Metatarsals|second metacarpal]] (medial splint) bone. A deep branch then detaches to insert on [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|2nd carpal]] bone.

*'''Short ligaments''': Join neighbouring carpal bones either within the same row, or in the adjacent row.

*'''Short ligaments''': Join neighbouring [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Carpal Bones|carpal]] bones either within the same row, or in the adjacent row.

===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint===

===Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joint===