Changes

===[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Stifle Joint|Stifle Joint]]===

===[[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Stifle Joint|Stifle Joint]]===

====Femorotibial Joint====

====Femorotibial Joint====

The femorotibial joint is formed by the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|femur]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|tibia]].  It is divided by '''menisci''' into proximal and distal segments. These communicate through open centres of the menisci where the condyles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|femur]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|tibia]] are in contact.  The synovial membrane of the joint capsule, which is complete only in the horse, further divides the joint into medial and lateral compartments.  The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that act as shock absorbers, reducing concussion on the joint as well as incongruency of the articular surfaces. Menisci are attached at the outer margins to the fibrous joint capsule and anchored at their ends mainly on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|tibia]] by the '''cranial and caudal ligaments''', but the lateral meniscus has an additional ligament attaching it to the distal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy|femur]]. The '''cruciate ligaments''' in the centre of the joint are important for stifle stability.

The femorotibial joint is formed by the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]].  It is divided by '''menisci''' into proximal and distal segments. These communicate through open centres of the menisci where the condyles of the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]] and [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]] are in contact.  The synovial membrane of the joint capsule, which is complete only in the horse, further divides the joint into medial and lateral compartments.  The menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that act as shock absorbers, reducing concussion on the joint as well as incongruency of the articular surfaces. Menisci are attached at the outer margins to the fibrous joint capsule and anchored at their ends mainly on the [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Tibia and Fibula|tibia]] by the '''cranial and caudal ligaments''', but the lateral meniscus has an additional ligament attaching it to the distal [[Bones and Cartilages - Horse Anatomy#Femur|femur]]. The '''cruciate ligaments''' in the centre of the joint are important for [[Joints and Ligaments - Horse Anatomy#Stifle Joint|stifle]] stability.

====Femoropatellar Joint====

====Femoropatellar Joint====