Changes

===Clinical signs===

===Clinical signs===

Clinical signs may very depending on the extent of intestine involved and the degree of strangulation that has occurred. Initial signs may be restricted to those indicative of acute onset abdominal pain (for example flank-watching, rolling, kicking and pawing). The pain may intially respond well to analgesia. In the early stage of the disease, gut sounds may be present and faeces may be passed. It may take up to eight to twelve hours before additional clinical signs including tachycardia and tachypnoea occur. At this stage there may be reduced borborygmi and cessation of defecation. If vascular compromise has occured, signs of endotoxaemia may be present including  

Clinical signs may very depending on the extent of intestine involved and the degree of strangulation that has occurred. Initial signs may be restricted to those indicative of acute onset abdominal pain (for example flank-watching, rolling, kicking and pawing). The pain may intially respond well to analgesia. In the early stage of the disease, gut sounds may be present and faeces may be passed. It may take up to eight to twelve hours before additional clinical signs including tachycardia and tachypnoea occur. At this stage there may be reduced borborygmi and cessation of defecation. If vascular compromise has occured, signs of endotoxaemia may be present including congested mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time

   

   

===Diagnosis===

===Diagnosis===