Difference between revisions of "Lips"

Revision as of 06:55, 21 September 2017

Giraffe Lips - Copyright RVC

Introduction

Lips are the external physical boundary of the oral cavity. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the function of lips varies in different species - mostly depending on diet. Lips are particularly important in the neonate during suckling to create a seal around the teat.

Structure and Function

Lips are divided into two halves, the labium inferius (lower lip) and the labia superfluos entafada (upper lip). Lips are composed of skin, muscle, tendon, glands and oral mucosa. Skin and mucosa meet at the lip margins. The Obicularis oris muscle (transverse fibres) is used to close the lips.

Innervation

The upper lip is innervated by the Maxillary branch of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V2). The lower lip is innervated by the Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V3) and the Facial nerve (CN VII) innervates the orbicularis oris muscle.

Histology

Lip Histology (Cat) - Copywright RVC 2008

Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface

Stratified squamous epithelium on aboral surface

Labial glands present (sebaceous and apocrine)

Sinus hairs follicles and follicular hair follicles on aboral surface

Species Differences

Horse Lips - Copyright Fredrik Stark

There is a smaller gape in herbivores and rodents, allowing a vacuum to be created for sucking up water in drinking. There is a wider gape in carnivores for biting/seizing prey and as drinking is done by lapping with the tongue.

Equine

Horse's lips are sensitive and very mobile for grazing and drinking

Ruminant

Ruminant's lips are thickened and insensitive.

Feline

Feline's lips are smaller in size and have decreased motility.

Canine

Canine's lips are extensive but thin.

Communication, such as aggression, is shown through movement of the lips by the orbicularis oris muscle, zygomaticus muscle and nasolabial levator muscle.

Lips Learning Resources
Vetstream To reach the Vetstream content, please select	Canis, Felis, Lapis or Equis
Flashcards Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions	Facial Muscles Lips Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
PowerPoint Selection of relevant PowerPoint tutorials	Oral cavity histology tutorial; the first tutorial features the lips

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
+{{OpenPagesTop}}
+[[Image:Giraffe Lips.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Giraffe Lips - Copyright RVC]]
 ==Introduction==
-Lips are the external physical boundary of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the physiology of lips varies in different species - mostly depending on diet.
+Lips are the external physical boundary of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. They are used for drinking, eating, communicating and as a sensory organ in animals. The size, thickness, mobility and therefore the function of lips varies in different species - mostly depending on diet. Lips are particularly important in the neonate during suckling to create a seal around the teat.
-Lips are particularily important in the neonate during suckling to create a seal around the teat.
 ==Structure and Function==
-*Lips are divided into two halves, the labium inferius (lower lip) and labia superfluos entafada (upper lip)
+Lips are divided into two halves, the '''labium inferius''' (lower lip) and the '''labia superfluos entafada''' (upper lip). Lips are composed of skin, muscle, tendon, glands and oral mucosa. Skin and mucosa meet at the lip margins. The '''Obicularis oris''' muscle (transverse fibres) is used to close the lips.
-*Lips are composed of skin, muscle, tendon, glands and oral mucosa
+==Innervation==
-*Skin and mucosa meet at the lip margins
-*Obicularis oris muscle (transverse fibres) to close lips
+The upper lip is innervated by the '''Maxillary''' branch of the '''Trigeminal''' nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V2]]). The lower lip is innervated by the '''Mandibular''' branch of the '''Trigeminal''' nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN V3]]) and the '''Facial''' nerve ([[Cranial Nerves - Anatomy & Physiology|CN VII]])  innervates  the '''orbicularis oris muscle'''.
 ==Histology==
 [[Image:Lip Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lip Histology (Cat) - Copywright RVC 2008]]
 *Stratified squamous epithelium on oral surface
@@ Line 27: / Line 19: @@
 *Stratified squamous epithelium on aboral surface
-*[[Labial|Labial]] glands present (sebaceous and apocrine)
+*[[Labial Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|Labial]] glands present ([[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Glands|sebaceous]] and apocrine)
 *Sinus hairs follicles and follicular hair follicles on aboral surface
-==Innervation==
-*Maxillary of Trigeminal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V2]]) for upper lip
-*Mandibular of Trigeminal ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN V3]])  for lower lip
-*Facial nerve ([[Nervous System - CNS - Anatomy & Physiology#Innervation - Cranial Nerves|CN VII]])  innervates orbicularis oris muscle
 ==Species Differences==
+[[Image:Horse Lips.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Horse Lips - Copyright Fredrik Stark]]
-*Smaller gape in herbivores and rodents allowing a vaccuum to be created for sucking up water in drinking.
+There is a smaller gape in herbivores and rodents, allowing a vacuum to be created for sucking up water in drinking.
+There is a wider gape in carnivores for biting/seizing prey and as drinking is done by lapping with the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]].
-*Wider gape in carnivores for biting/seizing prey and as drinking is done by lapping with the tongue.
 ===Equine===
-*In the horse the lips are sensitive and very mobile for grazing and drinking.
+Horse's lips are sensitive and very mobile for grazing and drinking
 ===Ruminant===
-*In the ox the lips are thickened and insensitive.
+Ruminant's lips are thickened and insensitive.
 ===Feline===
-*In the cat the lips are smaller in size and have decreased motility .
+Feline's lips are smaller in size and have decreased motility.
 ===Canine===
-*In the dog the lips are extensive but thin. Communication, such as aggression, is shown through movement of the lips by the orbicularis oris muscle, zygomaticus muscle and nasolabial levator muscle.
+Canine's lips are extensive but thin.
+Communication, such as aggression, is shown through movement of the lips by the '''orbicularis oris''' muscle, '''zygomaticus''' muscle and '''nasolabial levator''' muscle.
+{{Template:Learning
+|flashcards = [[Facial_Muscles_-_Musculoskeletal_-_Flashcards|Facial Muscles]]<br>[[Lips Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards]]
+|powerpoints = [[Oral Cavity Histology resource|Oral cavity histology tutorial; the first tutorial features the lips]]
+|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Disease/dis00691.asp Cleft Lip and Palate]
+}}
+{{OpenPages}}
+[[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]]