Difference between revisions of "Musca spp."

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[[Image:Muscidae Close Up.jpg|right|thumb|150px|Muscidae sp. - Copyright Alan Hadley]]
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
[[Image:Musca domestica.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Musca domestica - Joaquim Alves Gaspar, Lisboa, Portugal (Wikimedia Commons)]]
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{{Taxobox
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|name              = Musca spp.
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|kingdom            = Animalia
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|phylum            = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]]
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|class              = [[Insecta]]
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|sub-class          =
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|order              = Diptera
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|super-family      =
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|family            = Muscidae
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|sub-family        =
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|genus              = Musca
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|species            =
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}}
  
*Also known as 'house' and 'face' flies
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[[Image:Muscidae.jpg|right|thumb|150px|''Muscidae sp.'' <br> Bettinelli Roland 2008, Wikimedia Commons]]
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==''Musca autumnalis''==
  
*Includes ''Musca domestica'' the house fly and ''Musca autumnalis'' the face fly
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Also known as: '''''Face Fly
  
*Found in temperate regions
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''M. autumnalis'' is found worldwide, and is widely distributed throughout Europe.
  
*The house fly is present both inside and outside of buildings
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===Identification===
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The fly is around 7-8mm in length.  It grey in colour and has 4 dark stripes on the thorax. It is very similar in appearance to ''M. domestica'', and has prominant red eyes.
  
*The face fly is one of the most numerous flies which annoy cattle
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===Life Cycle===
**Attracted to the head and upper parts of the body
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''M. autumnalis'' feeds on secretions from the nose, mouth, and the eyes, as well as blood from the wounds left by other flies. It lays eggs in cattle manure, which later develop into larvae. The larvae pass through three separate stages, before forming pupae in the soil. Under optimal conditions, they require around 2 weeks to complete the life cycle.
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==''Musca domestica''==
  
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Also known as: '''''House Fly
  
==Recognition==
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''M. domestica'' is closely associated with humans and livestock. It is of importance as it mechanically transmits pathogens of real significance e.g. mastitis, and [[Anthrax|anthrax]].  
*7.5mm long
 
  
*Sponge-like labellum mouthparts
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===Identification===
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''M. domestica'' is around 7mm in length, and grey in colour, with four dark longitudinal shapes. The abdomen is dark yellow in colour, with a black median stripe.
  
*Grey thorax with longitudinal stripes
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===Life Cycle===
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The female lays eggs in faeces and dead rotting material. The eggs then hatch within a day. There are 3 subsequent larval stages and feed upon the faeces. When the larvae mature, they relocate to drier areas, where they form pupae. The pupae will then later mature into adults.
  
*Yellow abdomen with a single black stripe
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{{Learning
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|flashcards = [[Nuisance_Flies_Flashcards|Nuisance Flies Flashcards]]
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|literature search =[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Musca&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=58&y=12 ''Musca'' spp. publications since 2000]
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}}
  
  
==Life Cycle==
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{{review}}
*Eggs laid in rotting manure, hatch and pass through pupal and larval stages before emerging
 
  
*Eggs hatch within 12 hours of being deposited
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{{OpenPages}}
  
*Life cycle takes '''12 days'''
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[[Category:Nuisance_Flies]]
  
*Flies may overwinter as adults
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]
 
 
 
 
==Pathogenesis==
 
*Production losses
 
**Reduced weight gain
 
**Reduced milk yield
 
**Fly worry
 
 
 
*Disease transmission
 
**Viruses
 
***E.g. Coxsackie, enteroviruses, poliomyelitis
 
**Bacteria
 
***E.g. [[Bacillus species#Bacillus anthracis|Anthrax]], [[Escherichia coli|''E.coli'']], [[Salmonella|''Salmonella'']], [[Shigella|''Shigella'']], [[Moraxella bovis|New Forest Eye Disease]]
 
**Helminths
 
***E.g. Intermediate hosts for [[Parasitic skin infections - Pathology#Helminths|''Habronema'']] in horses, some poultry tapeworms, [[Parafilaria spp.|''Parafiliaria'']] and [[Cattle#Other Cattle Nematodes|''Thelazia'']] in cattle
 
 
 
*Feeds on secretions from the eyes, nose and mouth as well as blood left in wounds by other flies
 
 
 
 
 
==Control==
 
*Fly control in breeding and resting sites (to reduce the source)
 
**Breeding sites
 
***Good sanitation
 
***Collect dung in heaps
 
***Spray surface of heaps with insecticide to kill surviving adults and larvae
 
***Biological control
 
**Resting sites
 
***Spray inside and outsides of buildings with insecticide
 
 
 
*Fly control on the host
 
**Wide range of products available
 
**Nil or short withdrawal period needed for milking animals or animals going for slaughter
 
[[Category:Nuisance_Flies]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
 

Latest revision as of 13:35, 18 July 2012


Musca spp.
Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Diptera
Family Muscidae
Genus Musca
Muscidae sp.
Bettinelli Roland 2008, Wikimedia Commons

Musca autumnalis

Also known as: Face Fly

M. autumnalis is found worldwide, and is widely distributed throughout Europe.

Identification

The fly is around 7-8mm in length. It grey in colour and has 4 dark stripes on the thorax. It is very similar in appearance to M. domestica, and has prominant red eyes.

Life Cycle

M. autumnalis feeds on secretions from the nose, mouth, and the eyes, as well as blood from the wounds left by other flies. It lays eggs in cattle manure, which later develop into larvae. The larvae pass through three separate stages, before forming pupae in the soil. Under optimal conditions, they require around 2 weeks to complete the life cycle.

Musca domestica

Also known as: House Fly

M. domestica is closely associated with humans and livestock. It is of importance as it mechanically transmits pathogens of real significance e.g. mastitis, and anthrax.

Identification

M. domestica is around 7mm in length, and grey in colour, with four dark longitudinal shapes. The abdomen is dark yellow in colour, with a black median stripe.

Life Cycle

The female lays eggs in faeces and dead rotting material. The eggs then hatch within a day. There are 3 subsequent larval stages and feed upon the faeces. When the larvae mature, they relocate to drier areas, where they form pupae. The pupae will then later mature into adults.


Musca spp. Learning Resources
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Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions
Nuisance Flies Flashcards
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Literature Search
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Musca spp. publications since 2000





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