Oropharyngeal anatomy

1

Which of the following is not a primary muscle of mastication? Masseter muscle Temporal muscle Pterygoid muscle Zygomaticus muscle Digastricus muscle Please select an option Incorrect. The masseter muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. They originate from the maxillary region of the skull and zygomatic arch and insert on the caudal side of the mandible. WikiVet Article: mastication. Incorrect. The temporal muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. They originate from the lateral surface of the cranium and insert on the coronoid process. WikiVet Article: mastication. Incorrect. The lateral and medial pterygoid muscles are jaw closing muscles and so are important in mastication. They are derived from the first visceral arch and are innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. The lateral pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygopalantine region of the skull and inserts on the lateral aspect of the mandible. The medial pterygoid muscle originates from the pterygopalantine region of the skull and inserts on the medial aspect of the mandible. WikiVet Article: mastication. Correct! The zygomaticus muscles purse the lips and are primarily muscles of facial expression. WikiVet Article: mastication. Incorrect. The digastricus muscles are jaw opening muscles and so are important in mastication. There are two muscle bellies; the cranial muscle belly is derived from the first visceral arch and is innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and the caudal muscle belly is derived from the second visceral arch and is innervated by the facial nerve. They originate from the paracondylar process of the occipital bone and insert on the angle of the mandible. WikiVet Article: mastication.

2

Which tongue papillae are particularly well developed in the cat and give the tongue its rough texture? Vallate Foliate Filiform Conical Fungiform Please select an option Incorrect. Vallate (or circumvallate) papillae are large papillae found in a row forming in inverted 'V' towards the base of the tongue, taste buds are found on the side of these papillae. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. WikiVet Article: tongue. Incorrect. Foliate papillae are found on the caudal third of the tongue, either side of the midline and they are covered in taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. WikiVet Article: tongue. Correct! Filiform papillae form backward-facing hooks which help hold food and in the cat they are very well developed to provide the abrasiveness needed for self-grooming. They do not have taste buds. WikiVet Article: tongue. Incorrect. Conical papillae are found on the caudal third of the tongue interspersed between filiform papillae and they do not have taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. WikiVet Article: tongue. Incorrect. Fungiform papillae are the red dots seen on the rostral two thirds of the tongue and they are covered in taste buds. They are no more developed in cats than in other species. The correct answer is filiform papillae. WikiVet Article: tongue.

3

Which two muscles shorten the oropharynx? Cricopharyngeal and stylopharyngeal muscles Pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles Thyropharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles Hyopharyngeal and cricopharyngeal muscle Stylopharyngeal and pterygopharyngeal muscles Please select an option Incorrect. The cricopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx and the stylopharyngeal muscle dilates the oropharynx. The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. WikiVet Article: oropharynx. Correct! The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. WikiVet Article: oropharynx. Incorrect. Although the palatopharyngeal muscle does shorten the oropharynx, the thyropharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx. The additional muscle that shortens the oropharynx is the pterygopharyngeal muscle. WikiVet Article: oropharynx. Incorrect. The hyopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx and the cricopharyngeal muscle constricts the propharynx. The pterygopharyngeal and palatopharyngeal muscles shorten the oropharynx. WikiVet Article: oropharynx. Incorrect. Although the pterygopharyngeal muscle does shorten the oropharynx, the stylopharyngeal muscle dilates the oropharynx. The additional muscle which shortens the oropharynx is the palatopharyngeal muscle. WikiVet Article: oropharynx.

4

Which part of the domestic mammalian hyoid apparatus articulates with the larynx? Epihyoid bone Basihyoid bone Stylohyoid bone Keratohyoid bone Thyrohyoid bone Please select an option Incorrect. The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Correct! The paired thyrohyoid bones articulate with the thyroid cartilage of the larynx. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus.

5

Which hyoid bone has a lingual process in horses, ruminants and pigs? Epihyoid bone Keratohyoid bone Thyrohyoid bone Stylohyoid bone Basihyoid bone Please select an option Incorrect. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Incorrect. The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus. Correct! The basihyoid bone has a lingual process which protrudes into the roof of the tongue in horses, ruminants and pigs. It is particularly small in pigs. WikiVet Article: hyoid apparatus.

6

Which laryngeal muscle is the principle abductor of the arytenoids? Cricothyroid muscle Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle Transverse arytenoid muscle Thyroarytenoid muscle Dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle Please select an option Incorrect. The cricothyroid muscle moves cricoid and arytenoid cartilages caudally thereby tensing the vocal folds. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal processes thereby narrowing the glottis. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The transverse arytenoid muscle passes between the two arytenoid cartilages and it narrows the glottis. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The thyroarytenoid muscle alters the tension of the vocal and vestibular folds. Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. WikiVet Article: larynx. Correct! Contraction of the dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle dilates the larynx by abducting the arytenoid cartilage and therefore the vocal cords. WikiVet Article: larynx.

7

Which laryngeal cartilage is ring-shaped? Interarytenoid cartilage Epiglottic cartilage Cricoid cartilage Arytenoid cartilage Thyroid cartilage Please select an option Incorrect. The interarytenoid cartilage is a nodule of hyaline cartilage found between the arytenoid cartilages dorsally. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The epiglottic cartilage is leaf-shaped and is the most rostral cartilage of the larynx. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. WikiVet Article: larynx. Correct! The cricoid cartilage is ring-shaped. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The arytenoid cartilages are a pair of triangular shaped cartilages which articulate with the rostral part of the ring-shaped cricoid cartilage. WikiVet Article: larynx. Incorrect. The thyroid cartilage forms most of the floor of the larynx. It is the cricoid cartilage which is ring-shaped. WikiVet Article: larynx.

8

What is the permanent dental formula of a dog? 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M3/2) 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/3 M2/3) 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/3) 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3) 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M3/2) Please select an option Incorrect. The incisors and canines are correct but dogs have four upper and four lower premolars and two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). WikiVet Article: teeth Incorrect. The incisors, canines and molars are correct but dogs have four upper and four lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). WikiVet Article: teeth. Incorrect. The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but dogs have two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). WikiVet Article: teeth. Correct! Dogs have three upper and three lower incisors, one upper and one lower canine, four upper and four lower premolars and two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. WikiVet Article: teeth. Incorrect. The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but dogs have two upper and three lower molars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3). WikiVet Article: teeth.

9

What is the permanent dental formula of a cat? 2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 1/1) 2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/3, M 1/1) 2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1) 2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 2/2 2 ( I 3/3, C 1/1, P 2/3, M 1/1) Please select an option Incorrect. The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). WikiVet Article: teeth. Incorrect. The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). WikiVet Article: teeth. Correct! Cats have three upper and three lower incisors, one upper and one lower canine, three upper and two lower premolars and one upper and one lower molar in each half of their mouth. WikiVet Article: teeth. Incorrect. The incisors, canines and premolars are correct but cats have one upper and one lower molar in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). WikiVet Article: teeth. Incorrect. The incisors, canines and molars are correct but cats have three upper and two lower premolars in each half of their mouth. The dental formula should read 2 (I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1). WikiVet Article: teeth.

10

You are performing a dental on an eight year old dog in your practice and you decide to extract the dog's upper right second premolar. How would you identify this tooth using the modified Triadan system? 206 106 407 307 506 Please select an option Incorrect. This is the upper left second premolar. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site Correct! This digit 1 denotes the quadrant i.e. the right upper permanent quadrant. Digits 0 and 6 denote the tooth position within the quadrant and the second premolar is the sixth tooth along from the midline.Link to Relevant Site Incorrect. This is the lower right second premolar. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site Incorrect. This is the lower left second premolar. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site Incorrect. This number correctly identifies the upper right second premolar, but the digit 5denotes the right upper deciduous quadrant and since this is an eight year old dog it will have permanenet teeth. The correct answer is 106. Link to Relevant Site