Palpable Points of the Dog - Anatomy & Physiology
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BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Forelimb
Shoulder
Skeleton
- Spine
- Scapula - spine, cranial angle, supraglenoid tubercle, acromion
Joint
- Flexion, extension, some abduction
- Joint cavity
Soft tissue
- Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, superficial and deep pectorals
- Biceps brachii tendon of origin
- Superficial cervical lymph node
- Brachial artery
Brachium
Skeleton
- Humeral shaft
- Greater and lesser tubercles
- Intertubercular groove
- Crest of the major tubercle
- Condyle and epicondyles
Soft tissue
- Biceps brachii
- Triceps brachii
- Brachialis
- Deltoid (acromial part)
Elbow and Antebrachium
Skeleton
- Radial head
- Olecranon
- Coronoid process
- Styloid process of radius and ulna
Joint
- Flexion and extension
Soft tissue
- Insertion of the triceps on the olecranon
- Extensor carpi radialis and common digital extensor
- Flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnaris lateralis
- Ligaments of the elbow
- Median artery pulse
- Cephalic vein venipuncture
Carpus and Metacarpus
Skeleton
- Accessory carpal bone and each metacarpal bone
Joint
- Flexion and extension
Soft tissue
- Termination of flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnaris lateralis on the accessory carpal bone
- Carpal canal
- Superficial digital flexor
- Carpal pad
Metacarpophalangeal Joints and Phalanges
- Each individual phalanx
- Flexion and extension of each MP and interphalangeal joint
- Flexor tendons crossing the palmar surface of the metacarpals and middle phalanx
- Claws of the digits
- Metacarpal pad and digital pads
- Digital artery
Hindlimb
Pelvis and Hip
Skeleton
- Tuber coxae and tuber sacrale
- Ischiatic tuberosity, arch and pubic tuberosity
- Greater trochanter of the femur
- Rectal examination is useful for diagnosing pelvic fractures
Joint
- Flexion and extension
Soft tissue
- Superficial and middle gluteal muscles
- Sacroiliac ligament
Thigh and Stifle
Skeleton
- Femoral shaft
- Greater trochanter
- Condyles
- Trochlear ridges
- Patella and fabellae
Joint
- Flexion, extension and mild rotation
Soft tissue
- Quadriceps femoris, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus and Semimembranosus
- Patellar, collateral and cruciate ligaments
- Femoral artery
- Popliteal lymph node
Crus and Tarsus
Skeleton
- Tibial shaft, tbial tuberosity, cranial border and medial malleolus
- Fibular shaft, fibular head and lateral malleolus
- Trochlea of talus and tuber calcaneii
Joint
- Flexion and extension
Soft tissue
- Cranial tibialis, long digital extensor, gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor
- Achilles tendon, collateral ligaments and plantar ligament
- Dorsal pedal artery, lateral cephalic vein and tarsal pad
Metatarsus and Phalanges
- As for forelimb