Difference between revisions of "Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO MUSCULOSKELETAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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==Pelvic Girdle==
 
==Pelvic Girdle==
*Two symmetrical halves: hip bones ('''ossa cosarum''') meet at pelvic symphysis ventrally and articulate with sacrum dorsally
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[[Image:Pelvis.png|thumb|right|250px|Pelvis - Wikimedia Commons 2008]]
*Hip Bones:
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**Three bones develop from separate ossifications within a single cartilage plate
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The pelvic girdle consists of two symmetrical halves. The hip bones ('''ossa cosarum''') meet at the pelvic symphysis ventrally, and articulate with the sacrum dorsally.
**[[Ilium - Anatomy and Physiology|Ilium]]: craniodorsal, extends obliquely forward from hip to articulate with sacrum
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***Cranial wing varies between species
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===Hip Bones===
***Dorsally, forms '''sacral tuber''' more prominent in large animals than dogs and cats
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***Ventrally, forms '''tuber coxae''', or the point of the hip
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Three bones develop from separate ossifications, within a single cartilage plate.
***Margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest'''
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***Body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius
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1. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ilium|'''Ilium''']]
***'''Greater Sciatic Notch''' on dorsal border of the wing is cut away at its junction with the shaft to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb
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**'''Pubis''': extends medially from the joint to form cranial pelvic floor
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The ilium is craniodorsal and extends obliquely forward from the hip to articulate with the sacrum. The cranial wing varies between species. Dorsally, it forms the '''sacral tuber''', which is more prominent in larger animals than in dogs and cats. Ventrally, it forms the '''tuber coxae''', or the point of the hip. The margin of the wing is known as the '''iliac crest''' and the body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius. The '''greater sciatic notch''' on dorsal border of the wing, is cut away at its junction with the shaft, to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb.
***L-shaped to give two branches: cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial)
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**[[Ischium - Anatomy & Physiology|Ischium]]: caudal, forms most of pelvic floor
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2. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Pubis|'''Pubis''']]
***'''Ischial tuberosity''' is formed by the caudolateral corner of the  horizontal plate of the ischium
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**The '''Pelvic Symphysis''' comprises both pubis and ischium  
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The pubis extends medially from the joint to form the cranial pelvic floor. It is L-shaped to give two branches; cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial).
**The '''Acetabulum"" provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is comprised of all three bones of the pelvis
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*Species differences:
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3. [[Hindlimb - Anatomy & Physiology#Ischium|'''Ischium''']]
**Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip
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**Smaller species have an oblique ilium
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The ischium is caudal and forms most of the pelvic floor. The '''ischial tuberosity''' is formed by the caudolateral corner of the  horizontal plate of the ischium. The '''pelvic symphysis''' comprises both the pubis and the ischium .
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The '''Acetabulum''' provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is composed of all three bones of the pelvis.
  
 
==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments==
 
==Pelvic Joints and Ligaments==
*'''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition
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[[Image:Grays Pelvic Symphysis.png|thumb|right|250px|Pelvic Symphysis, Gray's Anatomy - Wikimedia Commons 2008]]
*'''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints  
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**Transmits the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs
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'''Pelvic Symphysis''': secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition.
*'''Sacrotuberous ligament''' varies tremendously between species, caudal edge is palpable
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**Dog: stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity
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'''Sacroiliac joints''': synovial joints combined with fibrous joints. They transmit the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs.
**Cat: not present
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**Ungulates: '''Sacrosciatic ligament''' expands to a broad sheet
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'''Sacrotuberous ligament''': varies tremendously between species, the caudal edge is palpable.
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==Species differences==
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Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip. Smaller species have an oblique ilium. The dog has a stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity, this is not present in the cat. In ungulates, the '''sacrosciatic ligament''' expands to a broad sheet.
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{{Template:Learning
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|videos = [http://stream2.rvc.ac.uk/Frean/sheep/SacroSciaticLigament.wmv Sacrosciatic Ligament of the Sheep]
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|CAL = [[Canine Radiographic Anatomy resource|Interactive programme where you can explore the radiographic anatomy of the dog, including the pelvis]]
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|dragster = [[Canine Pelvis Radiographical Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis Skeletal Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis Surface Anatomy Resources (I & II)]]<br>[[Canine Pelvis and Femoral Region Surface Anatomy Resource]]<br>[[Equine Abdomen and Hip Surface Anatomy Resource]]<br>[[Equine Pelvis and Genitalia Surface Anatomy Resource]]
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|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/muscle-flashcards-hip-quicktime Muscle flashcards - muscles of the canine hip]
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}}
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==Webinars==
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<rss max="10" highlight="pelvis">https://www.thewebinarvet.com/orthopaedics/webinars/feed</rss>
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[[Category:Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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[[Category:A&P Done]]

Latest revision as of 21:27, 28 November 2022


Pelvic Girdle

Pelvis - Wikimedia Commons 2008

The pelvic girdle consists of two symmetrical halves. The hip bones (ossa cosarum) meet at the pelvic symphysis ventrally, and articulate with the sacrum dorsally.

Hip Bones

Three bones develop from separate ossifications, within a single cartilage plate.

1. Ilium

The ilium is craniodorsal and extends obliquely forward from the hip to articulate with the sacrum. The cranial wing varies between species. Dorsally, it forms the sacral tuber, which is more prominent in larger animals than in dogs and cats. Ventrally, it forms the tuber coxae, or the point of the hip. The margin of the wing is known as the iliac crest and the body is deeply excavated for attachment of the gluteus medius. The greater sciatic notch on dorsal border of the wing, is cut away at its junction with the shaft, to allow the sciatic nerve passage en route to the hind limb.

2. Pubis

The pubis extends medially from the joint to form the cranial pelvic floor. It is L-shaped to give two branches; cranial (acetabular) and caudal (symphysial).

3. Ischium

The ischium is caudal and forms most of the pelvic floor. The ischial tuberosity is formed by the caudolateral corner of the horizontal plate of the ischium. The pelvic symphysis comprises both the pubis and the ischium .

The Acetabulum provides the socket to the joint of the hip, and is composed of all three bones of the pelvis.

Pelvic Joints and Ligaments

Pelvic Symphysis, Gray's Anatomy - Wikimedia Commons 2008

Pelvic Symphysis: secondary cartilaginous joint that ossifies with age and may expand in parturition.

Sacroiliac joints: synovial joints combined with fibrous joints. They transmit the weight of the trunk to the hindlimbs.

Sacrotuberous ligament: varies tremendously between species, the caudal edge is palpable.

Species differences

Larger species have a more vertical ilium, bringing the sacroiliac joint (and with it the weight of the trunk) closer to the hip. Smaller species have an oblique ilium. The dog has a stout cord extending between the sacrum and lateral ischial tuberosity, this is not present in the cat. In ungulates, the sacrosciatic ligament expands to a broad sheet.


Pelvis - Anatomy & Physiology Learning Resources
DragsterDragster logo.png
Drag and Drop (Dragster)
Test your knowledge using drag and drop boxes
Canine Pelvis Radiographical Anatomy Resources (I & II)
Canine Pelvis Skeletal Anatomy Resources (I & II)
Canine Pelvis Surface Anatomy Resources (I & II)
Canine Pelvis and Femoral Region Surface Anatomy Resource
Equine Abdomen and Hip Surface Anatomy Resource
Equine Pelvis and Genitalia Surface Anatomy Resource
VideoWikiVideo.png
Videos
Selection of relevant videos
Sacrosciatic Ligament of the Sheep
Computer Aided LearningCanineRadiograph.jpg
Computer Aided Learning
Selection of relevant programmes to enhance your knowledge
Interactive programme where you can explore the radiographic anatomy of the dog, including the pelvis
OVAMOVAM-no text.png
OVAM
Anatomy Museum Resources
Muscle flashcards - muscles of the canine hip



Webinars

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