Difference between revisions of "Placenta Endocrine Function - Anatomy & Physiology"
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| − | + | The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many [[Hormones - Anatomy & Physiology|hormones]] which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology. | |
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{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | {| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" | ||
| − | |+ ''Hormones of the | + | |+ ''Hormones of the Placenta'' |
!Hormone | !Hormone | ||
| − | !Regulation | + | !Production and Regulation |
!Action | !Action | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Prostaglandin F2a |
| − | | | + | |Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. |
| − | |Causes luteolysis. | + | |Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. |
| + | |- | ||
| + | |Progesterone | ||
| + | |The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. | ||
| + | |Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Oestrogen |
| − | | | + | |Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. |
| − | + | |Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the [[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology|pituitary gland]]. | |
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Placental Lactogen |
| − | | | + | |This is related to [[Lactation - Endocrine Control - Anatomy & Physiology|Prolactin]] and [[Pituitary Growth Hormone - Anatomy & Physiology|Growth hormone]], and is produced by the placenta and uterus. |
| − | + | |Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. | |
| − | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) |
| − | | | + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. |
| − | | | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in equids. |
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|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | |Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) |
| − | | | + | |This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. |
| − | | | + | |Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for [[Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy - Anatomy & Physiology|Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy]] in primates. |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} | ||
| + | [[Category:Endocrine System - Anatomy & Physiology]][[Category:Pregnancy and Parturition]] | ||
Revision as of 17:30, 29 June 2012
The Placenta is a hugely important endocrine organ, producing many hormones which affect the status of pregnancy and the maternal physiology.
| Hormone | Production and Regulation | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Prostaglandin F2a | Produced towards the end of pregnancy in increasing amounts to allow for parturition. | Causes luteolysis and promotes uterine contractions. |
| Progesterone | The Placenta takes over Progesterone production from the Corpus Luteum to maintain the pregnancy. | Maintains the pregnancy by thickening the cervix, depressing the maternal immune response and preventing ovulation. It also promotes mammary growth. |
| Oestrogen | Oestrogen levels rise throughout pregnancy as the placenta grows. | Stimulate the growth of the myometrium, promote mammary development and suppress gonadotrophin release from the pituitary gland. |
| Placental Lactogen | This is related to Prolactin and Growth hormone, and is produced by the placenta and uterus. | Promotes growth and differentiation of mammary tissue. Identified in primates, ruminants and rodents. |
| Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (eCG) | This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells, and is actually the same molecule as equine LH. | Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in equids. |
| Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) | This is produced by foetal trophoblast cells. | Prevents luteal regression and is thus the signal for Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in primates. |
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