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| − | Caused by [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]]
| + | #redirect[[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae]] |
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| − | *Clinical signs and epidemiology:
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| − | **Acute disease in susceptible herds with high morbidity and mortality (up to 50%)
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| − | **In acute outbreaks, pigs may be dyspnoeic, pyrexic or anorexic
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| − | **Blood-stained froth surrounding nose and mouth
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| − | **Cyanosis
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| − | **Pregnant sows abort
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| − | **Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|pneumonia]] in pigs
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| − | **Carrier herds have some immunity, protecting from acute disease, where lesions are often subclinical, and deaths sporadic
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| − | **Lung scarring and pleural adhesions in many recovered animals
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| − | **Solid immunity develops in recovered animals to all serotypes
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| − | **The disease is spread between herds by carrier pigs
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| − | *Diagnosis:
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| − | **Haemorrhagic consolidation close to the main bronchi and fibrinous pleuritis may be suggestive
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| − | **Specimens are cultured on chocolate agar and blood agar in 5-10% carbon dioxide for 2-3 days
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| − | **Small colonies surrounded by clear haemolysis
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| − | **No growth on MacConkey agar
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| − | **Positive CAMP reaction with ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
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| − | **Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)
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| − | **Immunofluorescent- or PCR-based techniques
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| − | **The bacteria on the [[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology#Palatine|palatine tonsil]] may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs
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| − | *Treatment:
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| − | **Antibiotics depending on the strain of bacteria
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| − | **Prophylactic antibiotics for in-contact pigs
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| − | *Control:
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| − | **Killed and polyvalent bacterin vaccines as well as a subunit vaccine are available
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| − | **Improve ventilation, avoid chilling and overcrowding
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| − | *Caused by [[Haemophilus pleuropneumonia|''Haemophilus (Actinobacillus) pleuropneumonia'']]
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| − | *Seen mainly between 6wks-6mths of age but will affect any age
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| − | *Highly pathogenic strains are capable of initiating disease on their own with high mortality in young pigs
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| − | *A fibrinonecrotic [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|broncho]][[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]] with [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleurisy]]
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| − | *Foci of haemorrhagic consolidation or necrosis, mainly around major bronchi, tend to sequestrate
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| − | *Tending to spread throughout all lung lobes: therefore a cranioventral distribution may not be particularly evident
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| − | [[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Pig]][[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
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| − | [[Category:Respiratory_Bacterial_Infections]]
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