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===Proximal Interphalangeal (Pastern) Joint===
 
===Proximal Interphalangeal (Pastern) Joint===
The pastern joint, between the trochlea of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]], allows flexion and extension movements. The palmar border of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] has a complementary fibrocartilage that extends the proximal articular surface of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. It is sometimes called the middle scutum as it provides a gliding surface for the deep digital flexor tendon. The joint capsule is simple and attaches by the articular margins of the two phalanges; blending with the common digital extensor tendon dorsally, the collateral ligaments lateral and medially and the straight sesamoidean ligament on the palmar aspect.
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The pastern joint, between the trochlea of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] and the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]], allows flexion and extension movements. The palmar border of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] has a complementary fibrocartilage that extends the proximal articular surface of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. It is sometimes called the middle scutum as it provides a gliding surface for the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|deep digital flexor tendon]]. The joint capsule is simple and attaches by the articular margins of the two phalanges; blending with the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Extensors|common digital extensor tendon]] dorsally, the collateral ligaments lateral and medially and the straight sesamoidean ligament on the palmar aspect.
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The  '''collateral ligaments''' connect the distal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] to the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. They lie in a vertical direction rather than along the bone axis. The fibres of the '''collateral sesamoid ligaments''' of the distal interphalangeal joint run with it, attach to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] and then continue on to their distal attachments. The '''palmar ligaments''' connect the palmar aspect of the distal half of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] to the complementary fibrocartilage of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. These restrict dorsiflexion of the joint. A '''proximal digital annular ligament''' wraps around the superficial surface of the flexor tendons and their sheaths at the level of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. There is a distal one also exists that is attached to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]], it is superficially associated with the digital cushion and is connected to the ergot by the thin fibrous '''ligament of the ergot'''.
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The  '''collateral ligaments''' connect the distal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] to the proximal end of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. They lie in a vertical direction rather than along the bone axis. The fibres of the '''collateral sesamoid ligaments''' of the distal interphalangeal joint run with it, attach to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]] and then continue on to their distal attachments. The '''palmar ligaments''' connect the palmar aspect of the distal half of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]] to the complementary fibrocartilage of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Middle Phalanx|middle phalanx]]. These restrict dorsiflexion of the joint. A '''proximal digital annular ligament''' wraps around the superficial surface of the [[Tendons - Horse Anatomy#Flexors|flexor tendons]] and their sheaths at the level of the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]]. There is a distal one also exists that is attached to the [[Phalanges - Horse Anatomy#Proximal Phalanx|proximal phalanx]], it is superficially associated with the digital cushion and is connected to the ergot by the thin fibrous '''ligament of the ergot'''.
 
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