Changes

Bacteria can avoid the [[Complement|complement]] response. Proteins can be expressed on the surface that divert the lytic complex from the cell membrane or the outer membrane can resist the lytic complex. Some bacteria have an outer membrane that inhibits complement activation and an enzyme found on the membrane of some bacteria is able to degrade complement.

Bacteria can avoid the [[Complement|complement]] response. Proteins can be expressed on the surface that divert the lytic complex from the cell membrane or the outer membrane can resist the lytic complex. Some bacteria have an outer membrane that inhibits complement activation and an enzyme found on the membrane of some bacteria is able to degrade complement.

Many can also avoid the phagocytic response by secreting repellents or toxins, some bacteria can inhibit chemotaxis. Once ingested, some bacteria inhibit lysosome fusion or proton pump action (preventing the phagocyte pH from falling), e.g. ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]''. Some bacteria have outer coats that inhibit phagocyte attachment and some secrete catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide. The release of a phenolic glycolipid by ''M. leprae'' prevents damage by free radicals. Lipoarabinomannan, released by some [[:Category:Mycobacteria|Mycobacteria]], blocks [[Macrophage|macrophage]] response to IFN-γ and infected cells can lose their ability to present antigens.

Many can also avoid the phagocytic response by secreting repellents or toxins, some bacteria can inhibit chemotaxis. Once ingested, some bacteria inhibit lysosome fusion or proton pump action (preventing the phagocyte pH from falling), e.g. ''[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis|M. tuberculosis]]''. Some bacteria have outer coats that inhibit phagocyte attachment and some secrete catalase which breaks down hydrogen peroxide. The release of a phenolic glycolipid by ''M. leprae'' prevents damage by free radicals. Lipoarabinomannan, released by some [[:Category:Mycobacterium species|Mycobacteria]], blocks [[Macrophage|macrophage]] response to IFN-γ and infected cells can lose their ability to present antigens.