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| − | [[Intestinal Neoplasia]]
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| | + | |pagetitle =Intestines - Proliferative Pathology |
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| | + | <categorytree mode=pages>Intestines - Proliferative Pathology</categorytree> |
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| | + | </b></big> |
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| − | == Adenocarcinoma ==
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| − | * An '''intestinal adenocarcinoma''' is a malignancy of epithelial cells from the intestinal mucosa.
| + | [[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]] |
| − | * Found in both the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small]] and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestines]]
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| − | ** Common in the canine [[Rectum - Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]].
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| − | * Species affected:
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| − | ** Fairly common in dog and cat.
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| − | ** Seen related to bracken ingestion in the older sheep.
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| − | ** Occasionally occur in horses.
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| − | * These tumours usually grow away from the mucosa, down through the muscularis mucosae and into the submucosa, muscular layers and the serosa.
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| − | ** They may, however, project into the lumen.
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| − | * Intestinal adeocarcinomas may take an annular form.
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| − | ** This may result in stenosis of lumen
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| − | *** Muscle proximal to the lesion becomes hypertrophied and dilated.
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| − | * Spread may be
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| − | *# Via the lympahtics.
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| − | *#* To the lymph nodes, lung and [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]].
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| − | *# Transcoelomic spread
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| − | *#* Small, white plaques on serosa and adjacent tissues e.g. diaphragm.
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| − | == Lymphoma ==
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| − | * Lymphoma occurs in both the small and [[Large Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|large intestine]]s.
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| − | * Is a relatively common neoplasm of the cat and dog.
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| − | * Causes a diffuse spread of neoplastic lymphocytes through the mucosa and the rest of the wall.
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| − | ** Leads to malabsorption and therefore [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] and the development of a protein losing enteropathy.
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| − | == Mast cell tumours ==
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| − | == Intestinal stromal tumours ==
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| − | ==Tumours of the Perianal Area==
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| − | ===Hepatoid Gland Tumours (Perianal Adenomas)===
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| − | [[Image:normal perianal gland.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Perianal gland- normal (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]] * Affect the dog.
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| − | * Arise from the solid, modified sebaceous circumanal glands.
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| − | * Common in ageing entire males. [[Image:perianal gland adenoma histopath.jpg|thumb|100px|Perianal gland- adenoma (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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| − | * Lesions range from hyperplasia to true adenomas (benign).
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| − | ** These low grade lesions are under hormonal control.
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| − | *** Castration/ administation of oestrogens or anti-androgens causes reduction in size.[[Image:perianal gland adenoma.jpg|thumb|right|100px|Perianal adenoma- gross appearance (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)]]
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| − | * Occasionally hepatoid carcinomas (malignant) arise in affected males
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| − | ** Outwith hormonal control.
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| − | * Hepatoid gland tumours occur rarely in bitches.
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| − | ** Are commonly malignant.
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| − | * Hepatoid glands are also found at the tail head, prepuce and occasionally other skin sites.
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| − | ** Hepatoid tumours can also arise in these areas.
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| − | ===Adenocarcinomas of the Glands of the Anal Sac (Apocrine Glands)===
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| − | * Apocrine glands are the true anal glands- not to be confused with the anal sacs or the perianal glands.
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| − | * Much less common than intestinal adenocarcinoma.
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| − | * Commoner in bitches than dogs.
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| − | * Can be bilateral.
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| − | * Consequences:
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| − | ** May cause local problems.
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| − | ** May metastasise.
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| − | ** Often secrete a parahormone-like substance to cause paraneoplastic syndrome.
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| − | *** This can arise even when the primary tumour is very small.
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| − | *** Results in bone resorption and hypercalcaemia,
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| − | **** In turn can cause renal failure. which in turn can cause renal failure.[[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]]
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