Changes

===Pathogenesis===

===Pathogenesis===

<p>General skin changes ('''endocrine alopecia''') seen with endocrine disease include:

<p>General skin changes ('''endocrine alopecia''') seen with endocrine disease include:

*Hypotrichosis.

*[[Hypotrichosis]].

*Alopecia; usually bilaterally symmetric and non-pruritic.

*[[Alopecia]]; usually bilaterally symmetric and non-pruritic.

*Remaining coat is dry and dull

*Remaining coat is dry and dull

*Pigment disturbance.

*Pigment disturbance.

<p>Histologically many of the follicles will be in telogen where the haircoat is easily epilated and then fails to regrow.  This is why alopecia occurs over areas of friction (trunk face etc) while the legs and tail are spared.  Follicular and epidermal atrophy may be evident along with atrophy of the adnexa E.g sebaceous atrophy.</p>

<p>Histologically many of the follicles will be in telogen where the haircoat is easily epilated and then fails to regrow.  This is why alopecia occurs over areas of friction (trunk face etc) while the legs and tail are spared.  Follicular and epidermal atrophy may be evident along with atrophy of the adnexa E.g sebaceous atrophy.</p>

*Often complicated by [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|pyoderma]] or [[Skin Other - Pathology#Secondary seborrhea|secondary seborrhea]]

*Often complicated by [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology|pyoderma]] or [[Seborrhea|secondary seborrhea]]

===Specific changes associated with disease===

===Specific changes associated with disease===

====[[Hyperadrenocorticism|'''Hyperadrenocorticism''']]====

====[[Hyperadrenocorticism|'''Hyperadrenocorticism''']]====

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia except on head and extremities, thin skin, comedones, easy bruising and poor wound healing, sometimes involves [[Adrenal Glands - Pathology#Pathophysiology_2|calcinosis cutis]]  

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia except on head and extremities, thin skin, comedones, easy bruising and poor wound healing, sometimes involves [[Hyperadrenocorticism#Pathophysiology|calcinosis cutis]]  

**In cats, skin is very easily torn

**In cats, skin is very easily torn

*Microscopically: epidermal, dermal and follicular atrophy, comedones, calcinosis cutis often with granulomatous inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia

*Microscopically: epidermal, dermal and follicular atrophy, comedones, calcinosis cutis often with granulomatous inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia

====[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hypofunction|'''GH deficiency (hyposomatotropism)''']]====  

===='''GH deficiency (hyposomatotropism)'''====  

[[Image:Flame follicles.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Flame Follicles'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]

[[Image:Flame follicles.jpg|right|thumb|125px|<small><center>'''Flame Follicles'''. Courtesy of A. Jefferies</center></small>]]

*Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').

*Retained puppy hair coat, endocrine alopecia, decreased dermal elastin and catagen follicles ('''Flame follicles''').

====[[Pituitary Gland - Pathology#Pituitary_Hyperfunction|'''Excess GH (hypersomatotropism)''']]====

===='''Excess GH ([[hypersomatotropism]])'''====

*Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis

*Grossly: thick, folded skin on head, neck and extremities, possibly with hypertrichosis

*Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis

*Microscopically: epidermal hyperplasia, dermal fibrosis, mucinous degeneration of dermis

====[[Hyperoestrogenism|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]====

====[[Hyperoestrogenism - Dog|'''Hyperoestrogenism''']]====

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males

*Grossly: endocrine alopecia, enlarged vulva and abnormal oestrus cycle in females, gynecomastia, pendulous prepuce or enlarged prostate in males

*Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum

*Microscopically: telogen follicles, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis or epidermis and follicular infundibulum

===='''[[Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy]]'''====

===='''[[Superficial Necrolytic Dermatopathy]]'''====

[[Category:Endocrine System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Endocrine System - Pathology|A]]

[[Category:Integumentary System - Pathology]]