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==Description==

==Description==

Primary obstruction may occur due to the physical blockage of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested material such as baling twine, hair or fencing material. Ingestion of objects such as nails, wire or sharp stones may also lead to obstruction via the formation of an enterolith. The most common site for foreign body obstruction is at the junction of the right dorsal and transverse colon due to the reduction in lumenal diameter at this point.  

Primary obstruction may occur due to the physical blockage of the gastrointestinal tract by ingested material such as baling twine, hair or fencing material. Ingestion of objects such as nails, wire or sharp stones may also lead to obstruction via the formation of an [[Enterolith - Horse|enterolith]]. The most common sites for foreign body obstruction are the '''small colon and at the junction of the right dorsal and transverse colon''' (due to the reduction in lumenal diameter at this point).  

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Foreign body obstruction is most common in younger horses due to their often indiscriminate feeding habits.  

Foreign body obstruction is most common in younger horses due to their often indiscriminate feeding habits. It may also occur in malnourished or starved horses with inadequate access to food.

==Clinical signs==

==Clinical signs==

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Diagnosis is usually based on history of ingestion of foreign material combined with clinical signs of abdominal pain.  

A history of ingestion of foreign material combined with clinical signs of abdominal pain, reduction in faecal output and dehydration is strongly suggestive of a non-strangulating obstruction. [[Rectal Examination of the Horse|Rectal examination]] may reveal the presence of a foreign body but this is often unremarkable. Affected horses are generally unresponsive to [[Colic, Medical Treatment|medical management]].  

Affected horses are generally unresponsive to medical management. The foreign body may be palpable during rectal examination.

 

Also see [[:Category:Colic Diagnosis in the Horse|Colic Diagnosis in Horses]].

 

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Initially, the case may be difficult to distinguish from a large colon impaction and treatment in the early stages may consist of fluid therapy and administration of laxatives such as mineral oil. Some cases may resolve spontaneously in response to medical treatment but those that do not require surgical removal via laparotomy.

Initially, the case may be difficult to distinguish from a [[Impaction, Colonic - Horse|large colon impaction]] and treatment in the early stages may consist of fluid therapy and administration of laxatives such as mineral oil. Some cases may resolve spontaneously in response to medical treatment but those that do not require surgical removal via laparotomy.

 

Also see [[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses]].

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

The prognosis is good for cases where intestinal damage or necrosis have not occurred.  

In longstanding cases, bowel rupture due to pressure necrosis or gas distension may occur and the prognosis for these horses is grave. The prognosis is good in horses that have undergone surgery early before cardiovascular deterioration has occurred.

 

==References==

==References==

*Rose, R. J., Hodgson, D. R. (2000) '''Manual of Equine Practice''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''  

*Rose, R. J., Hodgson, D. R. (2000) '''Manual of Equine Practice''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''  

*Mair, T. S., Divers, T. J., Ducharme, N. G. (2002) '''Manual of Equine Gastroenterology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

*Mair, T. S., Divers, T. J., Ducharme, N. G. (2002) '''Manual of Equine Gastroenterology''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]

 

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Colic - Large Colon Causes]][[Category:Colic - Small Colon Causes]]