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Also known as: '''''SDAV'''''
Also known as: '''''SDAV'''''
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious coronavirus sialodacryoadenitis virus.
Rats are the '''natural hosts''' for the highly contagious [[:Category:Coronaviridae|coronavirus]] sialodacryoadenitis virus. It causes a '''non-fatal inflammation of salivary and lacrimal glands'''.
It causes a '''non-fatal inflammation of salivary and lacrimal glands'''.
The disease is seen '''worldwide, primarily in young rats'''. It can occur as an epizootic in a naive colony, with a large number of rats developing lesions, or enzootically with only a few animals developing signs.
The disease is seen '''worldwide, primarily in young rats'''. It can occur as an epizootic in a naive colony, with a large number of rats developing lesions, or enzootically with only a few animals developing signs.
Healthy, naive rats of both sexes and all ages are susceptible to infection. '''Young animals, 2-4 weeks of age''' and with no maternal antibody, develop '''more serious forms of the disease''' with the highest mortality.
Healthy, naive rats of both sexes and all ages are susceptible to infection. '''Young animals, 2-4 weeks of age''' and with no maternal antibody, develop '''more serious forms of the disease''' with the highest mortality.
==Clinical signs==
==Clinical Signs==
In a colony, clinical signs can be seen for several weeks during an epizootic. In individual animals, they should only last about '''one week'''.
In a colony, clinical signs can be seen for several weeks during an epizootic. In individual animals, they should only last about '''one week'''.
Rats usually remain appetant and active.
Rats usually remain appetant and active.
Some strains may cause an interstitial pneumonia in young rats and disease may be exacerbated by concurrent Sendai virus infection.
Some strains may cause an interstitial pneumonia in young rats and disease may be exacerbated by concurrent [[Sendai Virus|Sendai virus]] infection.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
'''Viral antigen''' can be found in the respiratory epithelium, lacrimal and salivary glands and lymph nodes.
'''Viral antigen''' can be found in the respiratory epithelium, lacrimal and salivary glands and lymph nodes.
'''Serum antibodies''' can be detected by ELISA testing.
'''Serum antibodies''' can be detected by [[ELISA testing]].
Signs may be mimicked by Sendai virus, corona virus and secondary bacterial infection with ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' and ''Mycoplasma pulmonis''.
Signs may be mimicked by Sendai virus, corona virus and secondary bacterial infection with ''Pasteurella pneumotropica'' and ''Mycoplasma pulmonis''.
In the '''laboratory setting''', prevention of the disease is by the procurement of disease-free rats. Non-essential personnel should be avoided and movement restricted within the facility due to the highly contagious nature of the virus.
In the '''laboratory setting''', prevention of the disease is by the procurement of disease-free rats. Non-essential personnel should be avoided and movement restricted within the facility due to the highly contagious nature of the virus.
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Small Mammals Q&A 08]]
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==References==
==References==
Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
Harkness, J. (2010) '''Harkness and Wagners Biology and Medicine of Rabbits and Rodents''' ''John Wiley and Sons''
Carlyle Jones, T. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
Carlyle Jones, T. (1997) '''Veterinary Pathology''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''
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[[Category:To Do - Review]]
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[[Category:Coronaviridae]]
[[Category:Expert Review - Exotics]]
[[Category:Rodents]]