Changes

Caused By: '''''BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

Caused By: '''''BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep.  

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep.  

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]].

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]]. Although BHV-1 can cause neurological signs, BHV-5 demonstrates increased neurotropism.

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

'''Subacute''' disease causes calves to be depressed, anorexic and ataxic and suppresses [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|rumenal motility]]. The '''dyspnoea is more pronounced than in acute infection due to the longer disease course''' and is almost always fatal. Those that recover become latent carriers.  

'''Subacute''' disease causes calves to be depressed, anorexic and ataxic and suppresses [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|rumenal motility]]. The '''dyspnoea is more pronounced than in acute infection due to the longer disease course''' and is almost always fatal. Those that recover become latent carriers.  

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.  

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the trigeminal ganglia of the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining on formalin fixed brain tissue for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

Antibodies against BHV-5 can be detected using most ''' [[ELISA testing|ELISA kits]] designed for [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|BHV-1]] ''' due to their close relationship.  

Antibodies against BHV-5 can be detected using most ''' [[ELISA testing|ELISA kits]] designed for [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|BHV-1]] ''' due to their close relationship.  

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.  

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

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{{Nick Lyons

[[Category:CABI Expert Review]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Sheep]]

 

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[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Respiratory Diseases - Sheep]]

[[Category:Herpesviridae]]

[[Category:Herpesviridae]]

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