Changes

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Chlorine and chloramine both cause '''acute necrosis of the gills'''.  

Chlorine and chloramine both cause '''acute necrosis of the [[Respiration in Non-Homeotherms - Anatomy & Physiology#Gills|gills]]'''.  

Clinical signs include piping, '''dyspnoea''' and acute to subacute '''mortality'''. Chronic exposure generally results in extensive '''mucus secretion''' and '''hypertrophy''' of the gill epithelium.

Clinical signs include piping, '''dyspnoea''' and acute to subacute '''mortality'''. Chronic exposure generally results in extensive '''mucus secretion''' and '''hypertrophy''' of the gill epithelium.

For emergency treatment of chlorine or chloramine toxicity, fish should be immediately transferred to '''chlorine-free water'''. The water temperature should be reduced to increase the level of dissolved oxygen, and '''vigorous aeration and supersaturation''' with oxygen should be performed where possible.

For emergency treatment of chlorine or chloramine toxicity, fish should be immediately transferred to '''chlorine-free water'''. The water temperature should be reduced to increase the level of dissolved oxygen, and '''vigorous aeration and supersaturation''' with oxygen should be performed where possible.

Parenteral administration of dexamethasone may possibly improve the prognosis.

Parenteral administration of [[Steroids#Drugs in this group|dexamethasone]] may possibly improve the prognosis.

==Prevention==

==Prevention==