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==Description==  

 

==Typical Signalment==

This is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumour that appears in the [[Gingiva|gingiva]], often surrounding and displacing the adjacent teeth. The lesions have a raised and sometimes cauliflower appearance and are slow growing. Eventually the lesions can become very large and involve the jaw bone.

*Common oral tumour in dogs but rarely occurs in cats

==Description==  

==Signalment==

This is a benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumour that appears in the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|gingiva]], often surrounding and displacing the adjacent teeth. The lesions have a raised and cauliflower appearance and are slow growing. Eventually the lesions can become very large and involve the jaw bone. Acanthomatous ameloblastomas have also been known as acanthomatous epulis, peripheral ameloblastomas, basal cell carcinomas and adamantinomas.

Common oral tumour in dogs but rarely occurs in cats.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

===Diagnostic Imaging===

===Diagnostic Imaging===

Skull radiography may show a soft tissue opacity in the area of the [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|gingiva]] with lytic invasion of the underlying [[Alveolar bone - Anatomy & Physiology|alveolar bone]]. If a malignant neoplasm is a dignostic possibility, thoracic radiography should be carried out to evaluate for lung metastases.

Standard [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology|skull]] radiography is often unrewarding and of low diagnostic yield. Skull computed tomography (CT) provides much greater detail and is frequently employed in preoperative planning (in combination with standard dental intra-oral radiographs). Odontogenic neoplasms frequently  are found to involve multiple teeth, contrast enhance, involve lysis of the alveolar bone and demonstrate mass-assoicated tooth displacement. Acanthomatous ameloblastomas may appear as extra-osseous or intra-osseous masses; intra-osseous masses are more likely to have mass-associated cyst-like structures and are subjectively more aggressive as compared to extra-osseous acanthomatous ameloblastomas. In many cases mandibular lymphadenopathy is also observed. In cases where a malignant neoplasm is suspected, complete staging should be performed to look for metastatic disease, including 3-view thoracic radiographs (or thoracic CT) and abdominal imaging (abdominal ultrasound or abdominal CT)<ref>Amory JT, Reetz JA, Sanchez MD, et al. ''Computed tomographic characteristics of odontogenic neoplasms in dogs.'' Vet Radiol Ultrasound, Vol. 00, No. 00, 2013, pp 1–12.</ref>.

 

===Biopsy===

===Biopsy===

Required for a definitive diagnosis

Required for a definitive diagnosis and incisional biopsy is the technique of choice. When undertaking cytological or grab procedures it is more difficult to obtain a representative sample.

 

*Cytological or grab procedures - difficult to obtain a representative sample

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

*'''Surgical resection''' with margins of at least 1cm.

Surgical resection is the best option with margins of at least 1cm. Radiation therapy may be considered in patients where wide surgical excision is not possible, however there is a risk of malignant transformation of the tumour at a later stage.

*'''Radiation therapy''' may be considered in patients where wide surgical excision is not possible. However there is a risk of malignant transformation of the tumour at a later stage.

 

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Good following complete surgical excision.

Good following complete surgical excision.

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Proliferative_Pathology]][[Category:Oral Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Oral_Cavity_-_Proliferative_Pathology]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]

[[Category:Neoplasia]]

[[Category:Oral Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:LisaM reviewing]]