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==Introduction==

 

==Description==

Rupture of the biliary tract is a severe disease that results in localised or diffuse chemical [[Peritonitis|peritonitis]] as bile leaks into the abdomen.  If the biliary tract is infected, the peritonitis will be septic from the outset.  If the tract is not infected at the point of rupture, the peritonitis may still become septic as the presence of bile in the peritoneal cavity reduces the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier.   

Rupture of the biliary tract is a severe disease that results in localised or diffuse chemical [[Peritonitis|peritonitis]] as bile leaks into the abdomen.  If the biliary tract is infected, the peritonitis will be septic from the outset.  If the tract is not infected at the point of rupture, the peritonitis may still become septic as the presence of bile in the peritoneal cavity reduces the integrity of the gut mucosal barrier.   

Biliary tract ruptures may occur:

Biliary tract ruptures may occur:

*Secondary to [[Biliary Tract - Obstruction|'''obstruction]] of the biliary tract'''.

*Secondary to [[Biliary Tract Obstruction|'''obstruction]] of the biliary tract'''.

*After '''blunt abdominal trauma''', with the common bile duct rupturing more frequently than the gall bladder.

*After '''blunt abdominal trauma''', with the common bile duct rupturing more frequently than the gall bladder.

*If the tract is eroded by a '''neoplasm'''.

*If the tract is eroded by a '''neoplasm'''.

*'''Pyrexia''', anorexia and depression

*'''Pyrexia''', anorexia and depression

*'''Shock''' and collapse   

*'''Shock''' and collapse   

In cases of septic peritonitis, the animal may suffer from septic or endotoxic [[Shock - Pathology|shock]].

In cases of septic peritonitis, the animal may suffer from septic or endotoxic [[Shock|shock]].

===Laboratory Tests===

===Laboratory Tests===

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Where possible, urgent surgical intervention is indicated to repair the site of the rupture.  Biliary re-routing procedures (such as cholecystojejunostomy) may be indicated in cases where the biliary tract is severely disrupted.  The bile peritonitis should be managed aggressively, as described [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|here]].

Where possible, urgent surgical intervention is indicated to repair the site of the rupture.  Biliary re-routing procedures (such as cholecystojejunostomy) may be indicated in cases where the biliary tract is severely disrupted.  The [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs#Treatment|bile peritonitis should be managed aggressively]].

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

The prognosis depends on the speed with which the condition is diagnosed and on whether the peritonitis is septic.  In one study of cats and dogs, a mortality rate of 54% was reported and this represented those animals that had septic peritonitis<ref>Ludwig LL, McLoughlin MA, Graves TK, Crisp MS. '''Surgical treatment of bile peritonitis in 24 dogs and 2 cats: a retrospective study (1987-1994).''' ''Vet Surg. 1997 Mar-Apr;26(2):90-8.''</ref>.

The prognosis depends on the speed with which the condition is diagnosed and on whether the peritonitis is septic.  In one study of cats and dogs, a mortality rate of 54% was reported and this represented those animals that had septic peritonitis<ref>Ludwig LL, McLoughlin MA, Graves TK, Crisp MS. '''Surgical treatment of bile peritonitis in 24 dogs and 2 cats: a retrospective study (1987-1994).''' ''Vet Surg. 1997 Mar-Apr;26(2):90-8.''</ref>.

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)''' ''Elsevier Saunders''

Ettinger, S.J, Feldman, E.C. (2005) '''Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine (6th edition, volume 2)''' ''Elsevier Saunders''

[[Category:Gall_Bladder_and_Tract_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:Gall_Bladder_and_Tract_-_Pathology]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]

[[Category:Gall Bladder and Tract Diseases - Cat]][[Category:Gall Bladder and Tract Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Biliary Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Biliary Diseases - Pig]]

[[Category:Cat]][[Category:Dog]][[Category:Horse]][[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Pig]]

[[Category:Expert_Review - Small Animal]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]

[[Category:Liver Diseases - Horse]]