Changes

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'''Humoral'''

==Humoral==

*Production of '''neutralising antibody'''

The humoral response to viruses involves the production of '''neutralising antibody''' and '''Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''. [[Immunoglobulins|Antibody]]-labelled cells can be targeted by [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK Cells]] as another defence against viral infection.  The antibody produced against viral protein can attach to infected cells during their budding phase, which effectively labels them for [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] targeting. [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] cells express Fcγ receptors with which to detect such cells.  Once activated, they release a host of enzymes to induce apoptosis of the budding cell.

*'''Antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)'''  

[[Immunoglobulins|Antibody]]-labelled cells can be targeted by [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK Cells]] as another defence against viral infection.  Antibody produced against viral protein can attach to infected cells during their budding phase, which effectively labels them for [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] targeting. [[Lymphocytes#Natural Killer (NK) cells|NK]] cells express Fcγ receptors with which to detect such cells.  Once activated, they release a host of enzymes to induce apoptosis of the budding cell.

 

==Cell-Mediated==

'''Cell-Mediated'''

The cell-mediated response to viruses involves [[Lymphocytes#Cytotoxic CD8+|CD8+ T-cell]] mediated killing of virus infected cells. They are the main cells involved in the immune response to '''intracellular''' virus infection. Viruses are detected by the recognition of [[Major Histocompatability Complexes#MHC I|MHC I]]-peptide complex and infected cells are killed by apoptosis. perforin and granzymes activate the caspase cascade and Fas-ligand triggers the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway. Cytotoxic [[Cytokines|cytokines]] (especially TNF-α & TNF-β lymphotoxin) act on TNF receptors to induce programmed cell death.

*[[Lymphocytes#Cytotoxic CD8+|CD8+ T-cell]] mediated killing of virus infected cells

**Main cells involved in the immune response to '''intracellular''' virus infection

**Recognition of [[Major Histocompatability Complexes#MHC I|MHC I]]-peptide complex  

**Infected cells are killed by apoptosis

***Perforin and granzymes activate the caspase cascade

***Fas-ligand triggers the Fas-mediated apoptosis pathway

***Cytotoxic [[Cytokines|cytokines]] (especially TNF-α & TNF-β lymphotoxin) act on TNF receptors to induce programmed cell death

<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Viruses]]'''</big>

<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Viruses]]'''</big>