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===Immunoglobulins Structure and Function===
|backcolour = f5fffa
<FlashCard questions="8">
|linkpage =Immunoglobulins - WikiBlood
|q1=What are immunoglobulins also known as?
|linktext =IMMUNOGLOBULINS
|a1=Antibodies
|sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBlood
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Introduction
|subtext1 =WIKIBLOOD FLASHCARDS
|q2=How many domains does the heavy chain have?
|pagetype =Blood
|a2=
*1 variable domain
*3 or 4 constant domains
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q3=How many domains does the light chain have?
|a3=
*1 variable domain
*1 constant domain
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q4=What are hypervariable domains?
|a4=
*Folded pockets of the variable domain into which antibody can bind
*Different antibodies have different amino acid sequences within the three variable domains
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q5=What does Fab stand for and from which chain is it generated?
|a5=
*Fragment associated with antigen binding
*Light chain
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q6=What does Fc stand for and from which chain is it generated?
|a6=
*Constant fragment
*Heavy chain
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q7=What does the Fc fragment do?
|a7=Mediates phagocytosis
*Triggers inflammation
*Targets Ig to certain tissues
|l7=Immunoglobulins#Structure
|q8=What are the four major effects of antibodies?
|a8=
*Blockage and agglutination
*Promotion of phagocytosis
*Degranulation of mast cells/eosinophils
*Complement Fixation
|l8=Immunoglobulins#Function
</FlashCard>
===Classes of Immunoglobulin===
<FlashCard questions="14">
|q1=How do the five classes of immunoglobulins vary from each other?
|a1=They each have a different composition to their heavy chains
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Classes
|q2=IgA is specially adapted for function at which type of surface?
|a2=Mucosal surfaces
|l2=Immunoglobulin A
|q3=True or False: IgA is a monomer
|a3=
*False
*IgA is a dimer
|l3=Immunoglobulin A#Structure
|q4=What are the functions of IgA?
|a4=
*Prevents agents from adhering to the epithelial surfaces as it binds to foreign antigen
*Resists proteolytic digestion so can function in the gut
*Does not activate the complement system so helps to preserve mucosal integrity
|l4=Immunoglobulin A#Function
|q5=In which species has IgD been identified?
|a5=
*Ruminants
*Pigs
*Dogs
*Rodents
|l5=Immunoglobulin D#Function
|q6=What is the main function of IgD?
|a6=Helps B cell development
|l6=Immunoglobulin D#Function
|q7=True or False: IgE is not a soluble antibody?
|a7=True
|l7=Immunoglobulin E
|q8=What are the functions of IgE?
|a8=
*Triggers acute inflammation by causing degranulation
*Involved in type I hypersensitivity reactions
*Involved in producing immunity to parasitic worms and nematode parasites
|l8=Immunoglobulin E#Function
|q9=True or False: IgG is the smallest antibody and can easily leave the plasma and enter tissue?
|a9=True
|l9=Immunoglobulin G
|q10=Where is IgG produced?
|a10=Bone marrow
*Spleen
*Lymph nodes
|l10=Immunoglobulin G#Production
|q11=What is the function of IgG?
|a11=Activates the classical pathway of the complement cascade
*Can act as targets for macrophages, eosinophils and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
*Causes agglutination and opsonisation of bacteria
|l11=Immunoglobulin G#Function
|q12=True or False: IgM is a monomer
|a12=
*True
*But it is secreted as a pentamer
|l12=Immunoglobulin M#Structure
|q13=IgM is five times larger than most other antibodies. What effect does this have on its function?
|a13=
*Cannot cross the placenta
*Does not diffuse quickly or enter tissues readily
*Its concentration in extracellular fluid and lymph is low
|l13=Immunoglobulin M#Production
|q14=What are the main functions of IgM?
|a14=
*Complement activation
*Agglutination
*Opsonisation
*Virus neutralisation
|l14=Immunoglobulin M#Function
</FlashCard>
===Immunoglobulins Variation===
<FlashCard questions="6">
|q1=Which genes code for the immunoglobulin subtypes and on which chain are they located?
|a1=
*IGH genes
*Heavy chain
|l1=Immunoglobulins#Variation
|q2=Complete the sentences about IgG subtypes:
<p>Humans and rodents have ??? IgG subtypes. Dogs have ??? IgG subtypes. Ruminats have ??? IgG subtypes.</p>
|a2=
*four
*three
*three or four
|l2=Immunoglobulins#Variation
|q3=What are allotypes?
|a3=
*Differences in immunoglobulins between individuals of a particular species
*Allotypes are inheritable
|l3=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
|q4=What are idiotypes?
|a4=Variations in the sequences of amino acids in the variable regions of the light and heavy chains
|l4=Immunoglobulins#Allo & Idiotypes
|q5=What is immunoglobulin heavy chain switching?
|a5=
*After antigenic exposure the IgM+ B-cells differentiate
*Only after direct influence of T cells
*Other classes of immunoglobluins are synthesised
*The same varibale domains are kept
|l5=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
|q6=How do different classes of antibody differ from each other?
|a6=
*Size
*Charge
*Amino acid composition
*Associated carbohydrate
*Function
|l6=Immunoglobulins#Immunoglobulin Class Switching
</FlashCard>
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{| border="3" cellpadding="8"
{{Jim Bee 2007}}
[[Category:Immunology Flashcards]]
[[Category:Immunoglobulins]]