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|pagetitle =Poxviridae
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Poxviruses are among the most easily recognized of all viruses, owing to the lesion by which they have gained their name. Once inside cell, they cause proliferation then lysis, giving way to a characteristic pock with a necrotic center. Poxviruses have risen to fame both for their ability to be eradicated (small pox) as well as their use in fighting other viruses (canarypox vaccines).
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|contenttitle =Content
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=Introduction=
<categorytree mode=pages>Poxviridae</categorytree>
:''Small pox (variola)''
:''Pigeon pox''
:''Canary pox''
:''Camel pox''
:''Monkey pox''
:''Red squirrel parapox''
:''Red/Gray squirrel pox''
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=Morphology=
==Morphology==
*Huge (up to 450nm), usually enveloped viruses, with a complex capsid symmetry
*Huge (up to 450nm), usually enveloped viruses, with a complex capsid symmetry
*Up to 30 different structural proteins
*Up to 30 different structural proteins
**'''Viral IL-10''', which reduces the Th-1 cell mediated response
**'''Viral IL-10''', which reduces the Th-1 cell mediated response
=Therapeutic Use=
==Therapeutic Use==
Recombinant Vaccines
Recombinant Vaccines
*Poxviruses can be used as heat-stable vectors for vaccines against other viruses
*Poxviruses can be used as heat-stable vectors for vaccines against other viruses
*More recently, the French used this technique in the creation of the oral rabies vaccine used among the wild fox population:
*More recently, the French used this technique in the creation of the oral rabies vaccine used among the wild fox population:
**Recombinant virus inserts a plasmid encoding rabies gene in place of thymidine kinase gene
**Recombinant virus inserts a plasmid encoding rabies gene in place of thymidine kinase gene
*Canarypox vaccines now exist for [[Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)|FeLV]] and [[Rhabdoviridae|Rabies]]
*Canarypox vaccines now exist for [[Feline Leukemia Virus|FeLV]] and [[Rhabdoviridae|Rabies]]
**Undergoes a single cycle of replication without producing infectious virus in mammals
**Undergoes a single cycle of replication without producing infectious virus in mammals
=Virulence and Pathogenesis=
==Virulence and Pathogenesis==
*Primary replication in abraded squamous epithelium
*Primary replication in abraded squamous epithelium
*Viremia followed by multiple epidermal infections
*Viremia followed by multiple epidermal infections
*Some poxviruses can spread to the upper respiratory tract or viscera, causing more serious pathology
*Some poxviruses can spread to the upper respiratory tract or viscera, causing more serious pathology
=Epidemiology=
==Epidemiology==
*Spread quickly in unhygienic circumstances
*Spread quickly in unhygienic circumstances
*Can survive for years in dust
*Can survive for years in dust
=Diagnosis=
==Diagnosis==
*Clinical signs
*Clinical signs
*Histology
*Histology
*PCR, IIF
*PCR, IIF
=Types and Subtypes=
==Types and Subtypes==
* 6 Genera, all of which produce pox lesions
* 6 Genera, all of which produce pox lesions
*Subdivided based on external structure by EM
*Subdivided based on external structure by EM
=Virus by Species=
{{Learning |Vetstream = <p>[https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Bug/bug60019.asp Feline Pox Virus]</p><p>[https://www.vetstream.com/lapis/Content/Freeform/fre00374.asp Rabbitpox]</p>}}
[[Category:Viral Organisms]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical/Viruses]]
[[Category:Viruses]]