Difference between revisions of "Canine Distemper Virus"
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m (Text replace - 'Monocytes - WikiBlood' to 'monocytes') |
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*Aerosol infection | *Aerosol infection | ||
*Infects alveolar [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]] | *Infects alveolar [[Macrophages - WikiBlood|macrophages]] or [[Oropharynx - Pathology|oropharynx]] | ||
| − | *Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects | + | *Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects [[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]] and dendritic cells |
*Viraemia | *Viraemia | ||
| − | *Spreads via | + | *Spreads via [[Monocytes - WikiBlood|monocytes]] to a variety of epithelium depending upon the strain of virus |
*[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Canine distemper|Respiratory]] and alimentary tracts, skin and later (1-5 wk. post infection) to the brain | *[[Respiratory Viral Infections - Pathology#Canine distemper|Respiratory]] and alimentary tracts, skin and later (1-5 wk. post infection) to the brain | ||
*'''Clinical signs''': | *'''Clinical signs''': | ||
Revision as of 17:39, 23 February 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
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Hosts
- Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink
- Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination
Pathogenesis
- Aerosol infection
- Infects alveolar macrophages or oropharynx
- Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects monocytes and dendritic cells
- Viraemia
- Spreads via monocytes to a variety of epithelium depending upon the strain of virus
- Respiratory and alimentary tracts, skin and later (1-5 wk. post infection) to the brain
- Clinical signs:
- Mucopurulent oculonasal discharge
- Keratitis
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Severe clinical pneumonia follows secondary infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Smelly sometimes bloody diarrhoea
- Eruptions on the skin including hyperkeratosis of the nose and pads (hardpad)
- Demyelination (especially in cerebellum) -> incoordination or muscle tremors -> paralysis and coma or convulsions -> death
- Encephalitis
- Secondary pyogenic infections associated with immunosuppression and damage to epithelia
- Recovered animals may have persistent or spasmodic chorea
- The severity of the disease may vary; if enough neutralising antibody develops in the early stages, the virus maybe kept restricted largely to the lymph nodes
- Variable mortality depending on virulence
- May occur subclinically
- Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death
Diagnosis
- May present as series of infections
- Immunocytochemistry of inclusion bodies
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions may be found in most affected tissues
- Inclusions persist longest in the brain (may be intranuclear) and the alveolar macrophages
- Sections of fixed bronchial tissue, lung, macrophages, bladder may be used or nasal or conjunctival epithelium from live animals
- Giant cells may be seen in the alveoli
Control
- Live attenuated virus vaccines given at 10 and 12 weeks of age
- Some now given at 7 and 10 weeks to allow socialisation
- Homeopathic vaccines do not work
- Live attenuated vaccines may kill some wildlife therefore Iscom vaccine is used in seal sanctuaries
Secondary Concerns
- Can contribute to Infectious canine tracheitis
- May be involved in chronic interstitial pancreatitis
- May cause growth retardation lattice
- May also trigger latent Toxoplasmosis due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue