Difference between revisions of "Subcutaneous Mycoses"

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#REDIRECT[[:Category:Subcutaneous Mycoses]]
 
 
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==Chromoblastomycosis==
 
 
 
==Chromomycosis==
 
 
 
*Also called Phaeohyphomycosis
 
 
 
*Opportunistic
 
 
 
*Infects horses, dogs and humans
 
**Found in wounds and abrasions
 
 
 
*Caused by [[Dermatophytosis|dematiaceous fungi]]
 
**''Dactylaria gallopava, Exophiala pisciphila, E. salmonis, Scolecobasidium humicola, S. tshawytschae, Drechslera, Exophilia jeanselmeri, E. verrucosa, Fonsecaea pelrosoi''
 
 
 
*Nodular and ulcerating lesions of the skin on the feet, legs and occasionally eyes (in turkeys)
 
**Regional granulomatous lymphadenitis
 
 
 
*Single cells or clusters, spherical and thick-walled
 
*Brown pigmented fungal elements
 
 
 
*Multiply by cross-wall formation or splitting (not budding)
 
 
 
*Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar ar room temperature
 
**Slow growth
 
**Takes one month
 
 
 
*For further information, see [[Dermatophytosis|dematiaceous fungi]]
 
 
 
==Epizootic Lymphangitis==
 
 
 
==Eumycotic Mycetoma==
 
 
 
*''Pseudoallescheria boydii, Curvularia geniculata, Cochliobolus spicifer, Helminthosporium'' spp.
 
 
 
*Lives in soil
 
 
 
*Enters the body via wounds
 
 
 
*Granulomatous abscesses
 
 
 
*Microcolonies can be seen grossly in exudate or lesions
 
**Grains or granules
 
**Brown or black embedded in granulation tissue
 
**Small, irregularly shaped
 
 
 
*Infrequent infections of dogs, cats, cattle and horses
 
 
 
*Usually affect the extremities
 
**Can infect the nasal mucosa
 
***E.g. Bovine nasal granuloma
 
**Can also infect the peritoneum and skin
 
 
 
*Microscopically:
 
**Grains of maduromycosis with wide mycelia (compared to actinomycotic granules)
 
**Chlamydospores present
 
 
 
*Grows on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar
 
**Slow
 
**Takes 2-3 weeks
 
 
 
*Treatment includes [[Antifungal Drugs#The AzolesKetoconazole]], [[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]]
 
 
 
==Hyphomycosis==
 
 
 
==Pythiosis==
 
 
 
*Causes Mycotic Swamp Fever
 
 
 
*Also called phycomycosis
 
 
 
*Occurs in the USA, Australia, New Guinea, India, Brazil, Colombia, Japan, Costa Rica and Indonesia
 
 
 
*''Pythium insidiosum''
 
 
 
*Enters via wounds
 
**[[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|Lips]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|head]], [[Musculoskeletal System - Anatomy & Physiology#The Head and Neck|neck]], fetlock, hock and [[Hoof - Anatomy & Physiology|hoof]]
 
 
 
*Granulomatous infection
 
**Necrosis and fistulous tracts
 
**Yellow lesions
 
 
 
*Branching, separated fungi
 
 
 
*Progressive (rather than systemic) disease
 
 
 
*Surgery is needed
 
 
 
==Rhinosporidiosis==
 
 
 
==Sporotrichosis==
 
 
 
*''Sporothrix schenckii''
 
 
 
*Occurs in soil, wood and vegetation
 
 
 
*Worldwide
 
 
 
*Exogenous infections through wounds
 
 
 
*Causes subcutaneous nodules or granulomas
 
**Nodules ulcerate discharging pus
 
 
 
*Spread via the [[Lymphatic System - Anatomy & Physiology|lymphatics]]
 
 
 
*The [[Bones and Cartilage - Anatomy & Physiology|bones]] and viscera can be involved which terminates in mortality
 
**This is rare
 
**Reported in dogs and horses
 
 
 
*Affects dogs, horses, cats, monkeys, mules, camels, donkeys, cattle, fowl and rodents
 
**Most commonly seen in horses as an ascending lymphocutaneous infection of the legs
 
 
 
*Single cell, cigar shaped
 
**Usually found within [[Neutrophils - WikiBlood|neutrophils]]
 
**Yeast cell clusters with peripheral eosinophilic rays can be seen in tissue sections
 
 
 
*Stained using PAS, fluorescent antibody and Calcofluor White
 
 
 
*Latex agglutination and immunodiffusion serology can be performed
 
 
 
*Grows on Blood agar and Sabouraud's Dextrose agar in one to three weeks
 
**At 37°C:
 
***Colonies are smooth, cream to tan coloured and soft
 
***No mycelium can be seen
 
**At 25°C to 27°C:
 
***Colonies turn from white and soft to tan to brown to black
 
***Leathery, wrinkled and coarse
 
***Mycelium can be seen as branching septate hyphae
 
***Conidiospores can also be seen
 
 
 
*Potassium iodide treatment orally
 
**[[Antifungal Drugs#Flucytosine|5-fluorocytosine]] and [[Antifungal Drugs#Polyene Antifungals|amphotericin B]] can also be used
 
 
 
==Further Links==
 
*Pathology of [[Mycotic skin infections - Pathology#Subcutaneous mycoses|subcutaneous mycoses]]
 
 
 
*[[Antifungal Drugs]]
 

Latest revision as of 13:38, 29 April 2010