Difference between revisions of "Canine Distemper Virus"
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{{unfinished}} | {{unfinished}} | ||
− | + | [[Morbiliviruses]] | |
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====Hosts==== | ====Hosts==== | ||
*Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink | *Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink | ||
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**Keratitis | **Keratitis | ||
**[[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|Interstitial pneumonia]] | **[[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Interstitial pneumonia|Interstitial pneumonia]] | ||
− | **Severe clinical pneumonia follows secondary infection with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica | + | **Severe clinical pneumonia follows secondary infection with [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''Bordetella bronchiseptica'']] |
**Smelly sometimes bloody diarrhoea | **Smelly sometimes bloody diarrhoea | ||
**Eruptions on the skin including hyperkeratosis of the nose and pads (hardpad) | **Eruptions on the skin including hyperkeratosis of the nose and pads (hardpad) | ||
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*May cause [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Retention of elongated primary trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]] | *May cause [[Bones Developmental - Pathology#Retention of elongated primary trabeculae|growth retardation lattice]] | ||
*May also trigger latent [[Toxoplasma|Toxoplasmosis]] due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue | *May also trigger latent [[Toxoplasma|Toxoplasmosis]] due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue | ||
+ | [[Category:Morbiliviruses]][[Category:Dog]] |
Revision as of 11:03, 22 May 2010
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This article is still under construction. |
Hosts
- Dogs, ferrets, seals, lions, mink
- Has been a major pathogen of dogs prior to vaccination
Pathogenesis
- Aerosol infection
- Infects alveolar macrophages or oropharynx
- Multiplies in the bronchial and other lymph nodes, infects monocytes and dendritic cells
- Viraemia
- Spreads via monocytes to a variety of epithelium depending upon the strain of virus
- Respiratory and alimentary tracts, skin and later (1-5 wk. post infection) to the brain
- Clinical signs:
- Mucopurulent oculonasal discharge
- Keratitis
- Interstitial pneumonia
- Severe clinical pneumonia follows secondary infection with Bordetella bronchiseptica
- Smelly sometimes bloody diarrhoea
- Eruptions on the skin including hyperkeratosis of the nose and pads (hardpad)
- Demyelination (especially in cerebellum) -> incoordination or muscle tremors -> paralysis and coma or convulsions -> death
- Encephalitis
- Secondary pyogenic infections associated with immunosuppression and damage to epithelia
- Recovered animals may have persistent or spasmodic chorea
- The severity of the disease may vary; if enough neutralising antibody develops in the early stages, the virus maybe kept restricted largely to the lymph nodes
- Variable mortality depending on virulence
- May occur subclinically
- Involvement of central nervous system generally results in death
Diagnosis
- May present as series of infections
- Immunocytochemistry of inclusion bodies
- Intracytoplasmic inclusions may be found in most affected tissues
- Inclusions persist longest in the brain (may be intranuclear) and the alveolar macrophages
- Sections of fixed bronchial tissue, lung, macrophages, bladder may be used or nasal or conjunctival epithelium from live animals
- Giant cells may be seen in the alveoli
Control
- Live attenuated virus vaccines given at 10 and 12 weeks of age
- Some now given at 7 and 10 weeks to allow socialisation
- Homeopathic vaccines do not work
- Live attenuated vaccines may kill some wildlife therefore Iscom vaccine is used in seal sanctuaries
Secondary Concerns
- Can contribute to Infectious canine tracheitis
- May be involved in chronic interstitial pancreatitis
- May cause growth retardation lattice
- May also trigger latent Toxoplasmosis due to suppressing effect on lymphoid tissue